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We will write a custom essay on This is the html version of the file specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now These search terms have been highlighted:startoperatingsmallbusiness| |pic StartingaSmall EnterpriseStarting a Small EnterpriseTABLE OF CONTENTS| |Page||Introduction |||Why Be an Entrepreneur?|3|| |3||Rewards of Entrepreneurship|4||. |||Risks of Entrepreneurship ||| |||Process Flow: Starting a Small Enterprise|5||..||| |||Analysis|||Are You Entrepreneurial?|6||. |7||Additional Factors to Consider|||..|||Decision-Making/Planning |||Determining Your Product Line|8||.|8||Types of Business According to Ownership|9|||||Writing a Business Plan|||..|||..|||Financing|||Determining Your Financial Requirements|12 ||..|12 ||Seeking Sources of Capital |14 ||.|||Rules for Sound Financing |||..|||Setting Up|||Choosing the Site/Location of Your Business |15 || |15 ||Registering Your Business |22 ||..|||Hiring/Training Personnel |||. |||Getting Your Business Started|24 || |||References|25 ||..|||. ||IntroductionWhy Be an Entrepreneur?Entrepreneurship is a way of life.Being entrepreneurial means bein g ableto identify, start, and maintain a viable and profitable business,particularly a small enterprise. People spend most of their lives working for someone else.Some peopleeventually rise to positions of wealth and power, while the rest languishin unchallenging and low-paying jobs.On the other hand, there are aselect few who strike it out on their own; rather than work for others,they put up their own enterprise. You may ask: Why should I risk my resources in an unpredictable businesswhen I could hold a stable job with a permanent tenure and an assurance ofa regular monthly income, without any risk?In other words, why be anentrepreneur rather than an employee?Entrepreneurship has its own rewards, as well as its risks.Having yourown business has tremendous rewards, but be sure to weigh prospectivereturns against the potential risks and losses. ||Rewards of Entrepreneurship.Have Unlimited Opportunity to Make Money When you have your ownbusiness, you will most certainly have unlimited potential to earn money. How much money you earn depends on the time and effort you put into yourenterprise. Successful entrepreneurs have earned their wealth and prestigethrough hard work and by having the right product for the right market atthe right time. .Be Your Own Boss As sole proprietor of your business, you make thedecisions for your enterprise and take full responsibility for them.Thequality of these decisions will translate into either gain or loss for yourbusiness. Being your own boss means you are in control of your future. You have a better grasp of what you want to be. . Tap Your Creativity A business usually starts out as an idea.Youwill have the opportunity to harness this creativity and turn your ideainto products and processes. . Overcome Challenges and Feel Fulfilled Starting a business is by itselfan accomplishment.Running a business tests an entrepreneurs capabilityin securing and managing resources.How well a business turns out dependson the owners ability to face challenges and overcome them. ||Risks of Entrepreneurship.Risk of Failure Small businesses are prone to risks and thepossibility of failure a single wrong business decision can bring abusiness to bankruptcy. . Unpredictable Business Conditions A small business is vulnerable tosudden changes in the business environment.In a fast-paced industry, asmall firm may not possess the financial capability nor the organizationalcapacity to respond adequately to new opportunities and their concomitantproblems. .Long Hours of Work A prospective entrepreneur must be ready to spendmost if not all his waking hours immersed in the business.Also, familytime and personal affairs may be jeopardized. . Unwanted or Unexpected Responsibilities The entrepreneur may eventuallyfind himself saddled with management responsibilities he did not bargainfor. |Process Flow: Starting A Small Enterprise|Self-Analysis: Are You Entrepreneurial?Considering Other Factors Determining Your Product/ Service Line and Type of Business Writing a Business PlanDetermining Your Financial RequirementsSeeking Sources of CapitalChoosing the Site/Location of Your BusinessRegistering Your BusinessHiring/Training PersonnelGetting Your Business Started AnalysisAre You Entrepreneurial?A successful entrepreneur possesses key characteristics that help hisbusiness grow and thrive.Extensive research by the Small EnterpriseResearch and Development Foundation reveals 10 Personal EntrepreneurialCharacteristics (PECs) that lead to success. These are grouped into whatare called the Achievement Cluster, the Planning Cluster, and the PowerCluster. Take a look at what they are and try to identify yourentrepreneurial strengths and weaknesses. Achievement Cluster 1. Opportunity-seeking. Perceives and acts on new business opportunities. Seizes unusual opportunities to obtain financing, equipment, land,work, space, or assistance 2. Persistence. Takes repeated or different actions to overcome obstacles. Makes sacrifices or expends extraordinary effort to complete atask. Sticks to own judgement in the face of opposition ordisappointments 3. Commitment. Accepts full responsibility for problems encountered. Helps own employees to get the job done. Seeks to satisfy the customer 4. Risk-Taking. Takes moderate risks. Prefers situations involving moderate risks 5. Values Efficiency and Quality. Always strives to raise standards and aims for excellence. Strives to do things better, faster, and at lower costPlanning Cluster 6. Goal-Setting. Sets clear and specific short-term objectives. Sets clear and long-term goals 7. Information-Seeking. Personally seeks information on clients, suppliers, andcompetitors. Seeks experts to render bus iness or technical advice. Uses contacts or information networks to obtain information 8. Systematic Planning and Monitoring. Develops logical, step-by-step plans to reach goals. Looks into alternatives. Monitors progress and switches to alternative strategies whennecessary to achieve goals 9. Persuasion and Networking. Uses deliberate strategies to influence or persuade others. Uses business and personal contacts to accomplish objectives10. Self-Confidence. Believes in self. Expresses confidence in own ability to complete a difficult task orto meet a challengeAdditional Factors to ConsiderYou were able to pinpoint the entrepreneurial characteristics you possessas well as those areas you need to improve on to be able to run yourbusiness smoothly. Tapping your entrepreneurial skills are well and good,but you also have other factors to consider: 1. Personal Interest you must be genuinely interested in getting intobusiness 2. Knowledge/Talents your skills and knowledge should be attu ned toyour chosen line of business 3. Training/Work Experience you must have at least background trainingor workexperience to help you run a business4. Government Support/Assistance Programs find out the possibleassistance andsupport you can get from the government such asincentives, financing5.Rate of Growth of Business consider market trends, businessgrowth, and market share 6. Other Considerations also consider the return in terms of income,employment generation, services, and the likeDecision-Making / PlanningDetermining Your Product/Service LineYou can now focus on what specific type of product or service you want tosell. Some of the factors given for consideration will help you come upwith a great idea for a product what specific field are you interestedin? Can you apply your skills or background work experience to thisfield? Provided below are the different types of product/service lines:Self-Analysis: Are You Entrepreneurial?Considering Other Factors Determining Your Pr oduct/ Service Line and Type of Business Writing a Business PlanDetermining Your Financial RequirementsSeeking Sources of CapitalChoosing the Site/Location of Your BusinessRegistering Your BusinessHiring/Training PersonnelGetting Your Business Started AnalysisAre You Entrepreneurial?A successful entrepreneur possesses key characteristics that help hisbusiness grow and thrive.Extensive research by the Small EnterpriseResearch and Development Foundation reveals 10 Personal EntrepreneurialCharacteristics (PECs) that lead to success. These are grouped into whatare called the Achievement Cluster, the Planning Cluster, and the PowerCluster. Take a look at what they are and try to identify yourentrepreneurial strengths and weaknesses. Achievement ClusterOpportunity-seeking. Perceives and acts on new business opportunities. Seizes unusual opportunities to obtain financing, equipment, land,work, space, or assistancePersistence. Takes repeated or different actions to overcome obstacles. Makes sacrifices or expends extraordinary effort to complete atask. Sticks to own judgement in the face of opposition ordisappointmentsCommitment. Accepts full responsibility for problems encountered. Helps own employees to get the job done. Seeks to satisfy the customerRisk-Taking. Takes moderate risks. Prefers situations involving moderate risksValues Efficiency and Quality. Always strives to raise standards and aims for excellence. Strives to do things better, faster, and at lower costPlanning ClusterGoal-Setting. Sets clear and specific short-term objectives. Sets clear and long-term goalsInformation-Seeking. Personally seeks information on clients, suppliers, andcompetitors. Seeks experts to render business or technical advice. U ses contacts or information networks to obtain informationSystematic Planning and Monitoring. Develops logical, step-by-step plans to reach goals. Looks into alternatives. Monitors progress and switches to alternative strategies whennecessary to achieve goalsPersuasion and Networking. Uses deliberate strategies to influence or persuade others. Uses business and personal contacts to accomplish objectivesSelf-Confidence. Believes in self. Expresses confidence in own ability to complete a difficult task orto meet a challengeAdditional Factors to ConsiderYou were able to pinpoint the entrepreneurial characteristics you possessas well as those areas you need to improve on to be able to run yourbusiness smoothly. Tapping your entrepreneurial skills are well and good,but you also have other factors to consider:Personal Interest you must be genuinely interested in getting intobusinessKnowledge/Talents your skills and knowledge should be attuned toyour chosen line of businessTraining/Work Experience you must have at least background trainingor workexperience to help you run a business4. Government Support/Assistance Programs find out the possibleassistance andsupport you can get from the government such asincentives, financing5.Rate of Growth of Business consider market trends, businessgrowth, and market shareOther Considerations also consider the return in terms of income,employment generation, services, and the likeDecision-Making / PlanningDetermining Your Product/Service LineYou can now focus on what specific type of product or service you want tosell. Some of the factors given for consideration will help you come upwith a great idea for a product what specific field are you interestedin? Can you apply your skills or background work experience to thisfield? Provided below are the different types of product/service lines:Product Industries You may choose to manufacture your own product,either forthe mass market or for specialized or individual demands. Canne dgoods, wooden or plastic toys, and ready-to-wear garments are examplesof goods produced for the mass market, while precision instruments forindustrial use of made-to-order furniture are examples of specializedproducts. Process Industries You may decide to perform only one or twooperations in the total manufacturing process.If so, you are not,strictly speaking, a manufacturer but rather a processenterprise.The activities you perform can be initial operations onraw materials (milling, corrugating, sawing, or cutting), finaloperations (fishing, assembly, packing, or binding), or skilled orprecision operations (embroidery, testing, woodcarving). Subcontracting Industries If you choose to be a subcontractor, youwill undertake subcontracting work for other industries, usuallybigger ones.Bigger industries sometimes subcontract the manufactureof components, supplies, or other specialized operations to smallershops because the quality required is not viable for their high-capacity operations.Many big companies also find subcontracting amore low-cost and faster way of manufacturing products.Also, youare assured of a market for your products.You can also avail oftechnical and financial assistance from thebig companies.One drawback of subcontracting, though, is that yourely on only one firm or two for your survival. Service Industries You could choose to sell services.Serviceenterprises include repair and maintenance shops, printing and machineshops, and food catering establishments.Beauty parlors, dress andtailoring shops, recreation establishments (bowling alleys andbilliard halls), and entertainment enterprises (theaters, discos, andpub houses) are also considered service businesses. Although falling under the broad classification of a serviceenterprise, you may consider the trading business a fifth option. The most common type of trading enterprise is retailing. Types of Business According to OwnershipWould you want to run the business on your own, with a partner, or withmore people? Weigh the odds:|Forms of |Advantages|Disadvantages||Business | |||Single|Easy to set up|Demanding on owners ||Proprietorship |Decision-making|personal time||(one party)|left entirely|Growth limited by|||to owner|owners||| |financial means ||Partnership|- Relatively easy |-Any personal rifts||(at least two |to set up|||parties) |- Check and |between|||balance|partners may|||maintained with |dissolve|||two|partnership|||parties around |Equal profit sharing ||| |despite unequal ||| |attention and time||| |given by partners to ||| |business. ||Corporation|Maximum flexibility|Complicated setting-up||(at least five |for growth|process||parties) |Limited liability |Individual|||of individual|stockholders may have |||shareholders |limited influence on |||Greater room for|management|||professionalism in |Tendency to|||management|institutionalize a|||Is least likely to |b ureaucracy|||dissolve||Writing a Business PlanAfter you have made the preliminary decisions, you can proceed to formulatea business plan. There is no such thing as an all-purpose business plan. You should write your business plan according to the unique factors andconditions of your enterprise.However, you will find it useful to writeand use a business plan along the broad guidelines suggested below:1. State Your Objectives. This section comes first in a business plan. You tell your reader who you are, what your business goals are, and whenyou expect these goals to be accomplished.If you are submitting yourplan to a bank, you may indicate how much you want to borrow and what youplan to do with the funds. ||| Example of Stating Your Objectives: ||Pretty in Pink is an enterprise involved in the ||manufacturing and retailing of ready-to-wear ladies||dresses.Its goals are: ||To start manufacturing and retailing by January 2000||To achieve profitability by January 2001||To seek adequate financing for the first 18 months of||operation|2. Describe the Business. This section gives background information onyour business and how it is currently doing:For a new business. Instead of a brief history, explain what the businesswill be, how the idea for your business was conceived, and how the businessis expected to develop. For an existing business. Provide the following information: business name,date and place of registration, when actual operations began, a briefhistory of your business, and names of owners, partners, or major investors3. Describe Your Products or Services. Give a detailed description of yourproducts or services so the reader gets a clear idea of what you areselling.Also give any applications or uses of your products that may notbe apparent. .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e , .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e .postImageUrl , .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e , .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e:hover , .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e:visited , .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e:active { border:0!important; } .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e:active , .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5f1b158c5d5503b03b53518371f31d7e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Short plot summary of giver EssayIn this portion of your plan, you should also note the competitiveadvantages your product has over other similar products, as well asidentify the products you will be competing with.You should be able tostate your products advantages and disadvantages. 4. Identify Your Potential Market Determine who are your present orprojected customers and how many.Be as specific as possible.Are youselling to bookstores? A grocery store? A small ladies boutique? If youare selling to the general public, you may need to group potentialcustomers according to age, gender, income, education, and otherdemographic factors. You then ask yourself how you can make use of theinformation.If, for example, you know that your potential customers willlikely be children between three to ten, what does this tell you about yourlocation? Your advertising? Your prices?5. Identify Your Competitors Rather than pose as threats to you, yourcompetition should drive you to do your best.Learn as much as you canabout them.Include the following information in your plan:Description of competitors Identify businesses likely to become yourcompetitors. Name them. Size of Competitors Determine your competitors assets and salesvolume. Profitability of Competitors Which of your competitors are makingmoney? Which are losing, and by how much?Operating Methods Determine the operating methods of each of yourmajor competitors in terms of pricing strategy; quality of productsand services; servicing, warranties, and packaging; methods of sellingand distribution channels; credit terms; location; advertising andpromotion; reputation; and inventory levels.Discuss only the itemsrelevant to your business. 6. Consider Your Pricing Policy In pricing your goods and services, allrelevant factors should be considered, like cost of production anddistribution as well as the degree of acceptance by the market.Anotherfactor to consider is the pricing structure of your competitors.Ofcourse, the aim of your pricing policy should be to set the price at alevel that maximizes profit in the long run. Determine Your Marketing Methods Having a good product at areasonable priceis not enough. Your business plan must answer the following questions:How will you promote or advertise your business?How will you sell your product? Will you employ salespeople?What channels of distribution will you use to reach your customers?What do your customers think of your product? How can you improveyour image as an enterprise?Determine Your Key Personnel Identify the key people in yourbusiness, includingyou as the owner and manager.If your business is a corporation, list thenames and addresses of all directors.If your business is a partnership,list the names and addresses of all the partners. Identify Your Material Requirements and Sources of Supply List downwhatmaterials you will need and where you will get them.Include only directmaterials; office supplies and other indirect materials should not beincluded in the list. You should prepare a table for the materials. For each of them, state howmany suppliers there are, who your main supplier is, and why. Your readerswill see that you have carefully thought out who your best supplier willbe. Determine the Process and Equipment You Will Use to Manufacture YourProduct Give a detailed explanation of your production process.Foreach step, explain the work done, as well as the equipment and materialsused.If you are presenting a complex process, include a diagram showingyour work-flow.Assign positions for the jobs that need to be done andestimate how many people you need to employ for each position.Set salaryrates, too. Prepare a Sales Forecast Include a sales forecast that covers atleast two years ofoperation.For the first year, present your sales on a monthly basis. Present the forecast of the succeeding years on a yearly basis, andexplain how you arrived at the figures and at the assumptions on which theyare based. Prepare a Budget In manufacturing, production costs of materials,labor, service,manufacturing overhead, and other components should be budgeted.Aservice business should budget operational costs.Sales costs shouldinclude selling and distribution, storage, discounts, advertising, andpromotion.General and administrative expenses include salaries, as wellas legal and accounting costs.Projections should be prepared every monthduring the first year of operation and every quarter for the second andthird years. Set Your Plan to Work You are ready to set your plan to work.Itis time to raisefunds, obtain a license, purchase facilities and supplies, hire and trainpeople, and start operating. Remember that if you are to succeed, you mustbe prepared to work long hours and must be totally committed to yourbusiness. FinancingDetermining Your Financial RequirementsYou must now determine your financial needs and raise funds to meet theseneeds.You can begin a sari-sari store from your own personal savings. A garment factory, on the other hand, will require more elaboratearrangements for fund sourcing. Generally speaking, the financial requirements of a business may beclassified into Fixed Capital, Working Capital, and Pre-operating Capital. . Fixed Capital includes cost of land and building, or lease deposits ofthem; cost ofimproving the land or remodeling the building; machinery andequipment; furniture, furnishings, and fixtures. These are usually one-time expenses, meaning they are generally good for the duration ofyour business. . Working Capital is the reserve money you need to run the businessuntil it becomes self-supporting. This may take about one to sixmonths or even longer. You need working capital to purchase your rawmaterials, pay your workers, pay for transportation, telephone,electricity, and water bills. . Pre-Operating Capital includes money that you spend to register yourbusiness,acquire licenses for franchises, or pay a lawyer or a consultant. Inother words,this is money you spend before your business begins to operate. It is advisable to prepare a forecast that outlines all these capitalrequirements. Be sure that no significant item has been overlooked. Berealistic and do not underestimate your requirements. Provide forcontingencies and a margin of safety in estimating your capitalrequirements to avoid cost overruns later. Your capital should be enough tocover unexpected expenses. Observe the equipment and manpower requirementsof other business establishments. If in doubt, ask a knowledgeable friend,an accountant or consultant to see if your estimates are realistic or not. For simple business activities like small-scale trading or home-basedindustries, simple estimates or financial requirements, income and profitwould be sufficient. However, larger, more complex undertakings require amore in-depth study; this is called the project feasibility study.Banksusually require this for long-term loans. Seeking Sources of CapitalThe small businessman usually meets his initial requirements by dippinginto his own savings or investing his other assets. Loans from relativesand friends sometimes supplement his initial capital. Some of these loansare extended interest-free. External sources of funds are available if you know where to look. Organizations such as banks, venture capital corporations, and savings andloan associations make lending money their business. In addition, somegovernment institutions provide credit to small start-up enterprises atsubsidized interest rates and liberal terms. If you are looking for capital, you may first consider looking into yourown resources and the loan offerings of possible creditors:. Equity Capital is the amount of personal resources you andpossibly your partner put in, plus the portion of the profits youplow back into the business. It also includes resources invested by other people into your company. Equity is a permanent part of your capital structure. As such, it doesnot have to be paid back. Nevertheless, as your company grows, youwill need to put in more equity or permanent capital. The small businessman may exhaust his own personal resources to getmore equity funds for the business. Personal life insurance policiesor other properties of value may be used in times of urgency. Friends,relatives, or other members of the community may also be persuaded toinvest in the business. . Creditors Equity. If you require financing from outside sources, youcan avail of theloan packages of financial institutions. These are:. Short-term loans. These loans are short-term financial obligations,usually lasting less than a year and normally self-liquidating. Theyare used to buy things that will generate funds for repayment of theloan. Some short-term loans (clean loans) are issued on an unsecuredbasis, which means they are made without collateral, since the bankrelies on your credit reputation. . Individual money lenders. Friends or relatives extend loans in the spiritofpakikisama or camaraderie. There are also unlicensed money lenders butbeware ofthose who charge usurious rates of interest, like the so-called five-six operators. . Non Government Organizations (NGOs). NGOs are fast becoming popularsourcesof credit. Through enterprise development projects implemented by privateand government finance institutions, these NGOs act as intermediary agentsin various lending programs. Lending packages are available depending onthe specific target beneficiaries of the individual programs. Theirinterest rates are usually lower than what banks offer. A review of yourfeasibility study and a credit investigation are customarily conducted. Most programs offer character loans and require minimum equityparticipation with little or no collateral. The organization closelymonitors and evaluates each business project. Beneficiaries of these PVOsare commonly micro and small entrepreneurs. . Special Lending Programs. Public and private agencies are confident ofthe strengthof small entrepreneurs, and have thus created programs that woulduplift their status. |Rules for Sound Financing||. A small businessman should know exactly what type of||capital he needs and how he can obtain it at the best||possible terms.If he borrows the capital, he must know ||exactly how to repay it.An entrepreneur must also know ||when to require financial expansion.||. The ideal debt-equity ratio of ones capital structure||must be 40:60. This means that the debt or borrowed portion||of the total capital should be contributed by the owners ||equity.||A 40:60 ratio is considered ideal because it will allow the||firm to acquire more credit in the future when it is ready ||to expand. Most banks and other financial institutions lend||money only if the resulting debt-equity is 60:40 when the ||new (borrowed) money is infused into the business.||Therefore, it makes sense to limit borrowing. Otherwise,||one may be saddled with a heavy repayment burden.||. Fixed assets and working capital requirements during||normal operations must be financed from long-term sources ||( one year or longer). These sources are the owners equity ||and long-term loans or long-term liabilities. ||. Short-term requirements, like additional working capital ||needed during peak seasons (Christmas, rainy season,||school opening, etc.) should come from short-term sources, ||such as: trade credit (30 90 days); short-term bank loans||(from two to three months); pawnshops (three months); and ||friends and relatives. | Setting UpChoosing the Site/Location of Your BusinessFinding a site for your business is crucial. In the retail business, yoursales potential depends on your location. Like a tree, a store draws itsnourishment from the area around it. A storeowner is already half-successful if he sets up shop in a good place. You must also be able to recognize factors in some sites that aredetrimental to your business. Among these are: smoke, dust, disagreeableodors and noises, proximity to garages, hospitals, drinking places andsimilar establishments, poor sidewalks, and old, run-down buildings. |||Some guidelines to help you find a good location:||Know the population of the trading area. Is the||neighborhood starting to be run down? Is the population||moving away? Or is it new and on the way up? Determine the ||purchasing power of the population. Do they own cars? Big, ||affluent homes? ||||Study the competition How many stores look prosperous in ||the area? How many look as though they are barely getting ||by? How many similar stores went out of business in this||area last year? How many new stores opened last year? What ||price line does competition carry? Pinpoint which stores ||will be your greatest competitors. If you intend to put up||a variety store, you may find it profitable to locate your ||store adjacent to that of your competitors because the||combined appeal of two or more similar stores creates||greater customer traffic.||||Study the locations accessibility See if the location is||accessible to your customers, employees and of course, to ||you. Ask yourself the following questions: How close is the||store to jeepney and bus, and other transport facilities? ||Are there adequate parking spaces near the store? Are the ||sidewalks in good repair? Is the street lighting good?|Registering Your BusinessA new small enterprise has to be registered in various governmentagencies. The complexity of registration varies according to the legalform of the business. A single proprietorship is the easiest to register,while a corporation requires more elaborate procedures. Registering with the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)The DTI-NCR administers the registration of business names. If you are a single proprietor and your business is using a name other thanyour own name, that business name should be registered. Business nameregistration with the DTI is optional for partnerships and corporations. By registering your business name with the DTI, you are assured that noother entity may legally use your business name anywhere in thePhilippines. Register your Business Name at:Department of Trade and Industry NCRGround floor, DTI Main Building361 Sen. Gil Puyat Ave., Makati Cityor at designated Satellite Registration Centers in selected cities in MetroManilaTel. No. 890-4854Steps:Obtain application forms (duplicate copy), preferred name slip, andindex card from the Information Desk and fill these up completely. Only the owner of the business is authorized to sign all the forms. Meet the following requirements (For Single Proprietorship):. Must be a Filipino citizen, at least 18 years old. Filipinos withnamessuggestive of alien nationality must submit proof of citizenship such asbirth certificate, PRC ID, voters ID, passport. If the applicant hasacquiredFilipino citizenship by naturalization, election, or by other meansprovided by law, he must submit proof of his Filipino citizenship such asI) naturalization certificate and oath of allegiance; or II) card issued bythe Bureau of Immigration and Deportation and affidavit of election or IDcard issued by the Bureau of Immigration and Deportation. .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627 , .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627 .postImageUrl , .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627 , .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627:hover , .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627:visited , .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627:active { border:0!important; } .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627:active , .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627 .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf7f7567de2fa5c002e8543dbef529627:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reaction Paper of the Movie Agora Essay. Must provide two recent passport-size picturesCertain types of business may have other requirements:. Service and repair shops. Real estate brokers. Dental/medical clinic/hospitals. Pawnshops. Manpower services. Engineering services. Architectural services.Other related services provided by professionals3.Proceed to the designated window for evaluationPay required fees at the cashier. Registration and Processing FeeSingle P300Corporation/Partnership/Cooperative P500A penalty of P100 is imposed if the BNRS certificate is not renewedbefore within the 3-month grace period from the certificatesexpiration dateGet priority numberProceed to the waiting area and wait for your number to be called bythe examiners at Windows 1-10Business Name Certificate is released within 10-15 minutes uponapprovalRegistering with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)The SEC is the government agency that gives the business enterprise itslegal personality. Only partnerships and corporations need to be registered with the SEC. Single proprietorships need not register. Register your business at:Securities and Exchange CommissionSEC Bldg., EDSA, Greenhills, Mandaluyong CityTel. No. 726-0931Basic Requirements of a PartnershipName Verification SlipArticles of Partnership3.Undertaking to Change Name4.Registration Data SheetIf it is a Limited Partnership, the word Limited is added to thename. Articles of limited partnership should always be under oath only(JURAT) and not acknowledged by the partners before a notary publicPartnerships need clearance from concerned government agenciesAdditional Requirements for a Partnership1. License of custom brokers for custom brokerage. 2. For foreign partnerships: Foreign Investment Agent Application Form Proof of Inward Remittance of non-resident alien partner or affidavitmanifestingintention not to register investment with the Bangko Sentral ngPilipinas If the document was signed abroad, it must be authenticated by thePhilippine Consular Office in the country it was executedRegistration Procedures:Secure name verification slip from the Records DivisionProceed to Cashier for payment of filing feeSubmit documents to the Receiving Unit of the Records SectionThe documents are then forwarded to the Company Registration andMonitoring Department (CRMD) and assigned to processorsTyping pool prepares Certificate of Registration and returns to aprocessor (or a lawyer) and Assistant Director for initialsDirector of the CRMD signs the Certificate of PartnershipThe certificate of registration is forwarded to the Releasing Unit ofthe Records Division (ground floor), where it may be claimed by theapplicant upon presentation of receipt as proof of payment of thefiling feeNotes:Applications of domestic corporations (stock) where subscribedcapital stock are paid in cash are forwarded by the Records Divisiondirectly to the Company Registration and Pre-Need Department (CRPD). Verified name is deemed unofficial unless approved by the Commission,i.e., after issuance of the certificate of incorporationFor businesses involving pre-need plans and commodity futures,clearance of the proposed corporate name from the Pre-need Departmentand Market Regulation department is required before verification ofthe name with the Records Division at the SEC Annex Bldg. The application for registration of non-stock corporations isprocessed solely by the CRPD. Application under the Foreign Investment Act of 1991 or those with morethan 40% foreign equity are processed first by CRMD before payment offiling fee. Registering with the Social Security System (SSS)An employer, or any person who uses the services of another person inbusiness,trade, industry or any undertaking must be registered with the SSS. Social,civic, professional, charitable and other non-profit organizations, whichhire the services of employees, are considered employers.Register at:Social Security System (SSS)SSS Bldg., East Avenue, Diliman, Quezon CityTel. Nos. 920-6401, 920-6446Email: emailprotectedSingle ProprietorshipsAn owner of a single proprietorship business may accomplish and submit SSSForms R-1 (Employers Data Record) and R-1A (Initial or Subsequent List ofEmployees). PartnershipsAny of the partners of a partnership firm should accomplish SSS Forms R-1and R-1A and submit these forms together with a photocopy of the Articlesof Partnership. The original copy of the Articles of Partnership must bepresented for authentication. CorporationsA corporation must accomplish SSS Forms R-1 and R-1A signed by itspresident or any of the corporate officers or incorporators. Submit theseforms together with the photocopy of the Articles of Incorporation. Theoriginal copy of the Articles of Incorporation must be presented to the SSSfor authentication. Registering with the Cooperative Development Authority (CDA)All cooperatives are required to register with the CDA as per Republic Act6938/6939. Register at:Cooperative Development Authority6F Benlor Bldg., 1184 Quezon Ave., Quezon CityTel. No. 373-6896Steps:Submit four copies of the Articles of CooperationSubmit four copies of the By-LawsSubmit four copies of the Economic Survey (feasibility study)Submit Bond Accountable Officers (Fidelity, Cash, or Surety)Capitalization not lower than P2,000 (depending on the activitiesregistered)Minimum members of at least 15Registering with the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR)Every business enterprise has to register with the BIR for taxationpurposes. Below are the steps to follow:Secure a permanent record file number of Tax Identification Number(TIN) from the BIR National Office in Diliman, Quezon CityRegister the business/trade name at the BIR office nearest you. Secure and file an application form, together with supporting papers,as follows:Mayors permitCertificate of Business Name Registration from the DTIArticles of Partnership or CorporationResidence CertificateSecure authority to print books of account, invoices, receipts, andother accounting records by filling up four copies of an applicationform. Attach four draft copies of the material to be printed as wellas a copy of the job order. Register book of accounts, invoices, receipts, etc. Registering with the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)Business establishments with five or more employees are encouraged toregister with DOLE, the agency which monitors compliance with labor laws. Registration is mandatory for firms which employ 50 or more workers. The Bureau of Local Employment administers the registration ofestablishments. To register, secure and fill up a registration form. Corporations are required to attach a photostat copy of the SEC Certificateof Registration. Registering with the Local GovernmentAll businesses, whatever the legal form, are required to secure a mayorspermit or municipal license from the municipality or city where they arelocated. Various cities and municipalities have different registrationprocedures, but the following steps prescribed in Quezon City would betypical:Go to the Business Permit and Licensing Office of Quezon City Hall. Secure an application form from the Public Assistance OfficeSubmit three copies of the form together with a simple sketch of yourbusiness location. Support application with a Certificate of Business NameRegistration from the DTI-NCR if you are using a firm name. A partnership or corporation must submit the correspondingArticles ofPartnership or Incorporation duly registered with the SECtogether with a photostat copy of the Certificate of Registration with the SEC andthe current class C certificate in the case of corporationsProceed to the City Treasurers Office for any payments to be made. Present Mayors Permit for issuance of municipal licensesBusiness establishments are required to exhibit the mayors permitconspicuously in the business establishment. Registering with Other AgenciesDepending on the type of products they manufacture or handle and on theirmarket orientation, certain firms are required by law to register withother government agencies:|Bureau of Food and Drugs |For manufacturers ||(BFAD) |of drugs,||Philinvest Corporate|cosmetics, and||Center, Alabang,|food products||Muntinlupa|||Tel. No. 807-0721/ Fax No.|||807-0751|||Email: emailprotected|||Garments and Textile|For all||Export Board (GTEB) |manufacturers of ||4/F, New Solid Bldg., 357 |garments and||Sen. Gil Puyat Ave. Makati|textile for ||City|exports.||Tel No. 890-4810/ Fax No. |||890-4653|||Email: emailprotected|||National Food Authority |For rice, corn,||Regulatory Division |and flour dealers.||10th flr., Matimyas |||Building, E. Rodriguez|||Sr., Quezon City|||Tel. 712-1719 / 712-1705 ||| |||Fiber Industry Development|For processors and||Authority|traders of fibers ||Asiatrust Bank, Annex|and fiber||Bldg., |products.||1424 Quezon Avenue, Quezon|||City|||Tel. 37 3-7489 / 373-9241 |||Bureau of Fisheries and|For those engaged ||Aquatic Resources (BFAR) |in the export of ||Arcadia Building, Quezon |fish and fish||Avenue, Quezon City |products and other||Tel. 372-5057 / 373-7452 |aquatic products. ||Bureau of Animal Industry |For exporters of ||(BAI)|animals and animal||Visayas Avenue, Quezon|by-products ||City|||Tel. 927-0971 / 926-8814 |||Bureau of Plant Industry |For exporters of ||(BPI)|plant and plant||San Andres, Malate, Manila|products|| |||Tel. 525-7857 / 524-0768 |||Bureau of Forest|For exporters of ||Development|forest products||FMB Building, Visayas|(e.g., logs,||Avenue, |lumber products, ||Diliman, Quezon City|plywood etc.)||Tel. 927-4788 / 925-2138 |||National Tobacco|For those engaged ||Administration|in the production ||NTA Bldg., Panay Ave.,|or export of||cor. Sct. Reyes St. Quezon|flue-cured ||City|Virginia-type||Tel. No. 374-3987/ |tobacco, Burley||374-2505|tobacco, and|| |Turkish/Oriental || |tobacco products. ||DTI- Bureau o f Product|For commodity||Standards (BPS)|clearance for||3/F, Trade and Industry|producers, ||Bldg., 361 Sen. Gil Puyat |manufacturers or ||Ave., Makati City|exporters their ||Tel. No. 890-4965/ |products will be ||890-4924|tested to ensure ||Fax No. 890-5131|that they meet||Email: emailprotected |established || |standards. ||National Subcontractors|For businesses||Exchange (SUBCONEX) DTI |interested in||NCR|tie-ups with||12/F, Trafalgar Plaza, 105|export-oriented||H.V. dela Costa St. |firms as||Salcedo Village, Makati|sub-contractors/su||City|ppliers provided ||Tel. No. 811-8231 to 33|they fall under||Email: emailprotected |any of the || |following sectors:|| |garments and|| |handwoven fabrics,|| |gifts and|| |housewares, || |furniture and|| |fixtures, footwear|| |and leather goods,|| |fresh and|| |processed foods|| |and jewelry.||Intellectual Property|For firms that||Office (IPO) |want to register ||IPO Bldg., 351 Sen. Gil|their patents and ||Puyat Ave. Makati City|trademarks. || Tel./Fax No. 890-4862;|||890-4942|||Email: emailprotected||| |||DTI Bureau of Trade|For enterprises||Regulation and Consumer|engaged directly ||Protection (BTRCP) |or indirectly in ||2/F, Trade and Industry|the servicing,||Bldg., 361 Sen. Gil Puyat |repair or||Ave. Makati City|maintenance of||Tel. No. 896-5785; Fax.|vehicles, engines ||No. 890-4949 |and engineering||Email: |works, electrical ||emailprotected|components, || |electronics,|| |air-conditioning || |and refrigeration,|| |office machines|| |and data|| |processing, || |equipment, medical|| |and dental || |equipment. || |Technical|| |personnel (e.g., || |mechanics or|| |technicians) are || |also within the|| |scope of the|| |BTRCP.|Hiring/Training PersonnelYour workers are essential to your business. Remember that without workers,you cannot have a business. Even if youre running a very small operation,you cannot expect to do everything yourself. As manager, you must see to itthat you have the right employees, and that you t rain them well, andmotivate them to do their very best at work. Know your employees rights:Equal Work Opportunities for All. Male and female employees are entitled toequal compensation as well as equal access to promotion and trainingopportunities. It is unlawful to discriminate against female employees. Itis also unlawful to hire a woman on condition that she should not getmarried, or to stipulate expressly or tacitly that a woman employee shallbe deemed dismissed if she gets married. Security of Tenure. Every employee shall be assured security of tenure. Noemployee can be dismissed from work except for a just or authorized cause,and only after due process. Work Days and Work Hours. Work Day refers to any day during which anemployee is regularly required to work. Hours of Work refer to all the timean employee renders actual work, or is required to be on duty or to be at aprescribed workplace. The normal hours of work in a day is eight hours. This includes breaks or rest period of less than one hour, but excludesmeal periods, which shall not be less than one hour. ||Three types of LeavesService Incentive Leave (SIL) an employee is entitled to a five-dayleave with pay after one year of service. Maternity Leave the leave granted on the occasion of childbirth,abortion, or miscarriage of a female member of the SSS who has paid atleast three monthly contributions within the 12-month periodimmediately preceding her childbirth or miscarriage. Paternity Leave a male employee can go on leave for seven days withfull pay when his legitimate spouse gives birth or suffers amiscarriage. Wage and Wage-Related Benefits. Wage is the amount paid to an employee inexchange for a task, piece of work, or service rendered to an employer. This includes overtime, night differential, rest day, holiday and 13thmonth pay. It also includes the fair and reasonable value of board,lodging, and other facilities customarily furnished by the employer. Safe Working Conditions. Employers must provide workers with every kind ofon-the-job protection against injury, sickness, or death through safe andhealthful working conditions. Rest Days and Holidays. Rest Day refers to any rest period of not lessthan 24 consecutive hours after not more than six consecutive work days. Holidays or Special Days are classified as such by law or declared bycompetent public authority, whether or not it falls on an employees WorkDay or Rest Day. Right to Self-Organization and Collective Bargaining. Every worker has aright to self-organization, i.e., form or join a legitimate workersorganization, association, or union of his choice free from interferencefrom the employer or from the government. Except for those classified asmanagerial or confidential, all employees may form or join unions forpurposes of collective bargaining and other legitimate concertedactivities. An employee is eligible for membership in an appropriate unionon the first day of his or her employment. Workers Participation and Tripartism. Workers have a right to participatein policy and decision-making processes in matters directly affecting them. They have a right to take part in tripartite activities with government andemployers organizations. Through their organizations, workers are entitledto representation in tripartite decision-making functions as defined bylaw, including fixing of wages and resolution of labor disputes. Getting Your Business StartedNow you can start your business. Remember that being an entrepreneur alsomeans you have a social responsibility to your employees and to thecommunity you serve. This means that you must pay decent wages, give yourcustomers their moneys worth, and compete fairly in the market. Keep in mind that business is uncertain. Not everything will go accordingto plan. When the unexpected happens, dont blame other people, thegovernment, a poor business environment, or bad luck. Successfulentrepreneurs learn from their failures. Once you have made up your mind,have laid down your plans, and are determined to face the challenges ahead,you are ready to join the ranks. Welcome to the world of business!

Charlottetown Accord essays

Charlottetown Accord essays The Charlottetown Accord was a body of legislation proposed by Federal and Provincial governments in 1992. The changes proposed in the draft of the Accord would have meant drastic changes to the constitution of Canada. There were five major changes to the Accord. The first was a modified Triple-E Senate, which would require a seventy- percent majority to defeat most federal bills that were proposed. The second change that would occur was to increase the number of seats in the House of Commons from 295 seats to 312 seats. Of the additional seventeen seats, ten would go to Ontario, three each would go to both Quebec and British Columbia, and the final seat would go to Alberta. The third alteration proposed would be an amending formula, which would give provinces a veto over future constitutional changes, which was a direct demand of Quebec. The fourth change brought about the entrenchment of an inherent right to self- government for aboriginal Canadians. This would allow the Natives to ask the courts to enforce the right to self-government after a five-year negotiation period with federal and provincial governments. The last major amendment that was proposed was to implement a new distinct society clause that would be placed in the main body of the Canadian constitution. Why was the Charlottetown Accord Created? The Charlottetown Accord grew out of discussion initiated in the summer of 1991. It was created, for the most part, because of the failure of the Meech Lake Accord in 1988, and the Oka Crisis in 1990, which was a confrontation between the Natives and the Federal Government. The Oka Crisis garnered unwanted international attention. This particular event and other minor dealings and confrontations brought aboriginal issues to the forefront of Canadian political discourse. On the final day of the Oka Crisis, the current Prime Minister Brian Mulroney announced his Native ...

Brief View of Buddhism on Different Perspectives Essay Example for Free

Brief View of Buddhism on Different Perspectives Essay Buddhism in China was not first welcomed. People had different opinions on Buddhism. To analyze the responses to the spread of Buddhism in china by who expresses to the audience, why some people believe Buddhism is better for the country, and why some believe Buddhism is bad for China. Depending on what time period they lived in, changed the opinion of those who expressed their opinion to the audience. (Document 2) Zhi Dun is a Chinese Scholar, author, and a high official. During circa 350 C.E Northern China was invaded by Central Asian Steppe Nomads. There is war between the Asian Steppe Nomads and Zhi Dun believes that if you believe in Buddhism and have the right intentions, you can reach nirvana. (Document 3) This document is written by an Anonymous Chinese Scholar that expresses his opinion to the people of China. This is during circa 500 C.E., which was during the time of instability and disunity. He wrote this document anonymously because he was fearful of what other people think. They might not agree with his idea. (Document 6) The emperor response is toward the people of china. This is during 845 C.E, which is after the imperial structure is restored and he is saying that they don’t need Buddhism. Although some people agree with Confucianism, people think Buddhism helped China. (Document 1) In this document, it talks about the four Noble Truths. It shows how everyone suffers and the only way to get rid of suffering is to get rid of your desires. This was the first sermon preached by the Buddha in India during the fifth century. This document was written to persuade those to become Buddhists and follow the teachings. (Document 2), this document explains how if you have the right intentions, then you will reach Nirvana. This helps relief the people of china. (Document 5), Zong Mi, a Buddhist scholar said that Buddhism helped China. He said that the Buddha taught many teachings and in result, it encouraged the perfection of good deeds. Although Buddhism might seem good for China, other people believe that it ruined the country. Usually the higher classes thought Confucianism was better. This is because the lower classes are to respect the higher class. Han Yu is a Confucian Scholar and official of the Tang imperial court. This is during the 819 C.E. he says Buddhism didn’t even originate from China. He also says that Buddhism has nothing to do with the country and the culture. (Document 6), this is during 815 C.E. This is the time period after the instability and disunity of china. China is restored and they have an imperial rule, Tang Emperor Wa. His attitude towards Buddhism is furious. Since China is restored, he believes in Confucianism and Legalism, so there is no need for Buddhism. He even explains that Buddhism is selfish. All they do is eat and meditate, not helping the country by working. To analyze the responses to the spread of Buddhism by observing those who expressed their opinion to the people of China. It differed depending on what time period they lived in. it depended if they lived in the time of instability and disunity or when china was restored. Others believe that Buddhism helped China. They believe that it helped China during the time of instability and disunity. During this period of time, there was an invasion against the Asian steppe nomads in circa 350 C.E. Buddhism helped comfort those that were going to war by saying that they can reach nirvana. Even though Buddhism helped China, higher officials and Confucius believe that it ruined the country. This is because during 845 C.E. they had an emperor. They didn’t need Buddhism anymore because they had an emperor and china is unified by one leader again. A missing voice that is needed in the document section is a person that does not express their opinion to the public, like a private voice such as a person putting something down in a diary. The second voice that is needed is the common people’s opinion in China. This will show which philosophy they are rooting for during a period of time. The third voice should be a historian’s view during their period of time, so it shows how he interprets it. Brief View of Buddhism on Different Perspectives. (2016, Nov 12).

Primate Data Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Primate Data Project - Research Paper Example They have characteristics such as reddish brown hair, long arms and arboreal habits. Based on previous studies, gorillas have shown that they are derivatives of the ancient ancestors dated back to 14million years ago. Its ancestors are believed to be the ancestors of the African Apes and humans. The south Asian Siva Australopithecus and late Miocene (existed between 1200 and 900 million years back) share similarities, and they are also believed to the ancestors of the extant orangutan (Smith et al., 2010). Both primates share various characteristics such as being hairy and long arms that allow them to move from tree to tree (Smith et al., 2010). They also mostly found in places that have dense canopies. Differences between the two primates comes in the physical make up. The siamangs weigh approximately 25-30 pounds when they are fully grown. In terms of the feeding characteristics, they are omnivorous and they feed primarily on fruits and leaves. They also take nuts and at times they can consume small vertebrates. They have black hair in most cases. These primates are also protective of their young ones since they get involved a lot in rearing them. Orangunas weigh between 50-90 kilograms and they have throat sacs meant for vocalization. Their hair color is mostly reddish and shaggy. Their arms are longer than their legs and this facilitates swinging from canopy to canopy. Another unique feature is their enormous cheek pads. They feed on leaves and insects just like the siamangas. The two groups of animals were divided into separate groups then they were placed under observation. Each of these observations were then recorded on a table. What followed is the calculation of the percentage time for each activity. The time calculation involved the amount of time spent eating, eating or even moving around the place in which they were (Smith et al., 2010). Collection of the data also involved taking

Impact of Capital Structure on Financial Performance of Real Estate Essay - 1

Impact of Capital Structure on Financial Performance of Real Estate Firms Listed In Chinese Stock Exchange - Essay Example The study analyses the listed firms based on the following objectives The study is a descriptive research design that explores the capital structure of companies listed in the Chinese stock exchange in seeking to describe their impact on the financial performance of the same companies. Information about 20 companies was collected from the official website of the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE). The companies were selected in accordance to the composite index of the SSE, to ensure the findings can be generalised to other firms. Quantitative data analysis methods have been utilised in analysing the data gathered form the research with regression analysis being utilised to enhance the quality of the research findings. . Different financial ratios of companies have been calculated and an industry average determined. The ownership of the listed firms is mainly by the government and legal institutions who own 28% and 24% respectively. The total debt and long term debt of the listed companies is 50.49% and 10.15% respectively. The equity over fixed asset ratio for the companies is at 92.77%. There has been a significant drop in the return on assets value which is currently at 9.74%. Chinese firms have an average liability of about 45% while the average liability of the G-7 countries in 54%. Most of the Chinese companies listed on the SSE utilise a short term financing options and this has been the man characteristic of their capital structure. The capital structure adopted by these firms has the greatest impact on their performance. The companies listed in the SSE have been posting high profits and have financial debts which are lower than the average industry level. These firms are mainly financed through equity capital which is not a debt. Low debts have had a significant effect in resulting to the high profits since there is a reduced level of interests paid, ensuring the

Pros & Cons Essay Example for Free

Pros Cons Essay Most wireline phone companies charge more than what youd pay for most alternatives, and some are taxed more as well. There are some locations where getting new wired phone service is prohibitively expensive or even impossible. Long Distance and extra features like Call Waiting are normally included with alternative phones. More Features: Cellular and broadband phones normally include Long Distance, Voice Mail, Caller ID, Call Forwarding and more, usually at no additional charge. They also have Text Messaging and various forms of data service which are unavailable with a landline. Portability: If you move your home more than average (or if its on wheels), your phone and your number can stay with you. There are no installation charges. Temporary Usage: You can have phone service for the season in a vacation home or cabin, or on an extended stay at a hotel or home of a friend or relative without installing a separate line. Unlimited Plans: Most alternatives offer a plan that includes Unlimited talk minutes and Long Distance, including cellular. Most cellular carriers have eliminated Unlimited Data plans, although there are some that include Data with some other restrictions. Anonymity: You can easily set up an account (especially prepaid cellular) with either no name or an alternative identity. Fewer Telemarketers: Nuisance calls are reduced because telemarketers want to target customers in certain geographic areas. They wont know where you are. Most telcos provide your landline number to telemarketers. With cellular its illegal for now. With broadband, it depends on the carrier who sets up your number. Internet Access: Your wireless phone can also be your connection to the Internet, either with an internal browser or tethered to your computer, and available wherever there is cellular coverage. Wireless broadband is also available separate from your cellular account. Wi-Fi for Multiple Devices: You can get a cellular modem that provides a wi-fi signal that can connect to up to 5 separate wi-fi devices. Its Green: Replace your fax with an Internet-based fax service like eFax or MyFax. com and stop wasting paper and ink. (Give your old fax to charity) Attitude: Some wired phone companies just treat their customers badly. Sometimes it feels better to leave at any price. Take your broadband wherever you go A mobile broadband connection is exactly that, which means that you can access your emails, check the sports results or watch YouTube videos no matter where you are, provided you have 3G reception. Stop paying for line rental Millions of people continue to pay for line rental on a home phone landline that they rarely use, just so that they can get broadband at home. With mobile broadband, theres no need to pay line rental potentially saving you over ? 100 a year. Plug and play technology All the software you need to connect to the internet is automatically installed when you first plug your USB modem into your laptop no need to set it up or call a technical support helpline. Flexible options available Mobile broadband customers can take advantage of some really great pay as you go tariffs from as little as ? 2 a day, or rolling one-month packages, meaning they only ever pay for what they actually need. Cons: Safety: If you need to call 911, public safety authorities wont automatically know where you are, youll have to tell them. Also, calls with alternative phones will not necessarily be routed to the closest agency. Also, you wont receive Reverse 911 calls alerting you to a public emergency in your neighborhood unless your local emergency center allows you to sign up your number and associate it with a local address. Security: Some businesses will not allow you to use their services without a traceable land line. This includes credit card companies, pizza shops and a few others, although this rule is slowly being relaxed. Satellite TV services want a landline-like plug for their equipment to call them each night. It does work with some broadband phone systems. Your satellite service can still work without it, but you will most likely pay an extra charge. Reliability: Wired telephone services have come as close to 100% reliable as is practical. Their network has substantial power backup, redundant circuits and years to get it right. Alternatives are improving but their networks can vary significantly. Cell sites and other communications nodes have a limited amount of backup power. In an extended power outage, such as after a hurricane or snowstorm, the service may not work, leaving you with no service. Corded phones work in power failures. Cable phones also have a lower level of reliability. Sound Quality: Some alternative phones dont sound the same or as good as a landline. While your alternative phone may sound fine to you, it may be difficult for others. Also, some broadband phone services just dump their audio into the Internet resulting in widely varying data travel times giving you significant sound delays. Lack of Service: You may be in a location where there are no wireless broadband alternatives or may have poor cellular coverage. This might be rectified by adding a cell site to your home. Broadband Speeds: While there are some fairly fast wireless broadband connections, it may be some time before they will compare to wired or cable connections. Malfunctions: Cell sites can stop working for various reasons. Repairs often need to be made on site and may take time. Broadband services require one or more pieces of equipment at your house which you will need to fix if it fails. Wireline equipment can normally be repaired at the central office. Murphys Law says breakdowns will happen at the worst possible time. You Have No Backup: Unless you have an extra cellular phone, if something happens to your main phone or its associated equipment, or your account, you cant just plug another phone into the wall. Inconvenience: Some alternative services only offer a single jack for one phone. If you want service throughout the house you either must go wi-fi or cellular. Otherwise, plan on using the phone near your computer or router. With a cell phone you need to keep it close to you if your home is large or on multiple floors. It Might be Difficult to Get a Job: Some employers require a Local number to consider you for a position. While you can change your out-of-town portable number to something local, there goes your Number For Life. Surprise Costs. Since you normally pay for cellular by the minute, you might talk a lot more than you think. Savings may be less than you expected when calculated long term. Broadband carriers are not regulated like wireline services and could make changes that you dont expect. You Wont Be Listed in the Phone Book. Some directories let you to pay for a personal listing, but others use that as a way to keep you as a landline customer. Alarm systems. Most existing dial-up alarm systems dont work with broadband phone connections. There are other alarm alternatives, including wireless. You May Not Be Able to Send or Receive Faxes. In some cases, faxing is not an issue. In others, you cant just plug in your fax machine. A better choice is to to use a paperless, web-based service like eFax or MyFax. com. Low download limits Even the most generous of mobile broadband tariffs only offer a download allowance of 15GB per month, and that could set you back ? AÂ  month on a two-year contract, while typical value packages offer less than 5GB a month. High costs for exceeding your limit Most mobile broadband providers charge a fee when you exceed your download limit. This is normally several pence per MB and costs can very quickly add up if youre not careful. Always keep an eye on your usage. Slower connections Although suppliers might advertise speeds of up to 10 or 12Mb, mobile broadband speeds rarely exceed the average of around 1Mb. This, combined with the tight usage limits, makes mobile broadband unsuitable for large downloads. Coverage Most of the UK is covered by the 3G mobile network, but coverage can be patchy in some rural areas, with speeds significantly slower in some parts of the country, so you should always check coverage in your area before signing up. PROS OF FIXED LINE NETWORK Reliability Land line/fix line phones can be more reliable than their cellular counterparts. Disconnected cables can disable land lines, but these problems are easily remedied. On the other hand, cellular phones are plagued by several different issues because they rely on a network of radio waves, cellular towers and satellites. In some areas, cellular service is plagued by dropped calls and fuzzy reception. Emergencies The reliability of land line phones makes them advantageous when it comes to emergencies. For example, if someone is hurt and needs immediate medical care, you do not have to worry about contending with poor reception. Land lines also provide a fixed location that emergency responders can rush to. On a cell phone, you must state your address or describe your location, which wastes precious time during a crisis. Sponsored Links

Comparing Gender-Crossing in Girlfight and Billy Elliot :: Compare Contrast Comparison Essays

Comparing Gender-Crossing in Girlfight and Billy Elliot It seems that the year 2000 was one full of gender-bending films, including Girlfight, starring Michelle Rodriguez. This movie was about Diana, a troubled teenage girl from the projects of New York City. Sent on an errand for her father one day, Diana discovers the secret world of boxing at a gym in Brooklyn. She watches her brother unenthusiastically box in the ring, and then tries to convince the coach to work with her. With time, she starts competing with other lightweights - both male and female. With this newfound confidence, she pulls herself together at school and is able to stay out of trouble. Also made in 2000 was Billy Eliot, starring Jamie Bell, about a boy in Northern England who schleps to weekly boxing classes only to encounter reoccurring defeat in the ring, similar to Diana's brother Tiny in Girlfight. One day, a bunch of tutu-ed girls and their sour instructor begin sharing the space at the gym. All of sudden, Billy becomes hopelessly passionate about dance. Like Diana, Billy rejects conventional gender roles but must hide his new love from his chauvinistic father. The parallels between Girlfight and Billy Elliot are uncanny. Both Diana and Billy enter sports that are not typical for their genders but somehow draw inspiration from the love of their deceased mothers and withstand the rejection from the rest of society. Furthermore, each film ends with triumph - Diana wins the match against her boyfriend, and Billy becomes a ballet star and flies across the stage as the male lead in Swan Lake. Both individuals have tread against the conventions of society. And ironically, in both films, boxing is seen as the epitome of male sport. What happens in the "real world," when individuals enter sports not traditional for their genders? Certainly, it seems that both films revealed realistic outcomes for gender crossing in sports, although Girlfight and Billy Elliot seemed to focus only on the negative social and cultural implications of gender crossing in sports. First of all, gender roles are a very important issue. According to Diana's father and most of the coaches working at the gym, boxing was "a man's sport." In the film Girlfight, Diana was only seen fighting one other girl, while all of her other competitors were male. Furthermore, Diana was the only female practicing at the Brooklyn boxing gym. For anyone walking into the gym, the idea that boxing is in the male realm become perpetuated.

Advantages of Cooperative Learning for English Language Learners

Concerted acquisition is a successful instruction scheme in which little squads, each with pupils of different degrees of ability, take part in a assortment of larning activities to better their apprehension of a topic ( Noyes, 2010 ) . Each member of a squad is accountable non merely for larning what is taught but besides for assisting teammates learn, therefore making an environment of success ( Kagan, 2002 ) . Students work through the undertaking or assignment until all group members successfully understand and complete it. For English linguistic communication scholars, concerted acquisition is critical, because it genuinely accelerates larning. There is no better manner to larn linguistic communication, other than utilizing it. Teachers frequently model linguistic communication but, hamper pupils by non supplying them with chances to use it and master facets of the linguistic communication every bit quickly as possible ( Noyes, 2010 ) . Concerted larning provides the chance for English linguistic communication scholars ( ELL ) to speed up acquisition of the linguistic communication accomplishments required to be making good in academic topics. The intent of concerted acquisition is each member of the squad is accountable for non merely larning what is taught, but besides assisting their teammates learn. It creates an ambiance of community and accomplishment ( Kagan, 2002 ) . The pupils are really learning each other and a map that ‘s community based and builds coaction. Concerted acquisition is a scheme that can be used with all pupils. Benefits for English Language Learners Concerted acquisition is normally valuable for any pupil larning a 2nd linguistic communication. Concerted acquisition activities support equal communicating, which helps the enlargement of linguistic communication and the acquisition of constructs and content ( Kagan, 2002 ) . It is indispensable to delegate ELLs to different squads so that they can profit from English linguistic communication function theoretical accounts. ELLs learn to convey themselves with greater independency when working in little squads. In add-on to picking up vocabulary, ELLs benefit from detecting how their equals learn and explain jobs. Functions need to be assigned and rotated each hebdomad or by activity. By revolving, pupils increase accomplishments they chiefly need to execute. Cooperative larning physiques larning communities as pupils grow to be experienced at how to acquire along, how to be concerned for themselves and for each other and how to cover with their ain public presentation as they work on the manner to a common aim ( Kagan, 2002 ) . Concerted larning groups make best usage of the fleet attainment of English because it provides pupils with apprehensible part in English in encouraging, non-threatening milieus ( Noyes, 2010 ) . Academic and linguistic communication acquisition requires that pupils have chances to calculate out what they hear and read every bit good as express themselves in important undertakings ( McGroarty, 1993 ) . Concerted larning creates normal, synergistic contexts in which pupils have bona fide grounds for listening to one another, inquiring inquiries, elaborating issues, and re-stating points of observation. The foundation of school accomplishment is academic literacy in English ; age appropriate comprehension of English is a demand in the achievement of content criterions. We learn chiefly through linguistic communication and usage of linguistic communication to convey our cognition. Concerted acquisition additions chances for pupils to build and calculate out linguistic communication and to derive mold and unfavorable judgment from their equals. A great trade of the significance of concerted acquisition lies in the manner coaction encourages pupils to link in such high degree believing accomplishments as analyzing, explicating, synthesising, and lucubrating ( McGroarty, 1993 ) . Teacher ‘s Role in Cooperative Learning Standards must be taught. The regulations of larning groups must be understood by all pupils ( Noyes, 2010 ) . The larning groups must be free from negative remarks which hinder larning and growing. Everyone must be active hearers ; each squad member must take part, and assist everyone understand the aim and what is being learned. Additionally, noise degrees must be kept in position and the group needs to maintain on the assignment. Schools must supply learning that assists ELLs in geting content country comprehension along with resources for going skilled in English ( NCLB, 2001 ) . Concerted acquisition is non merely group work ( Noyes, 2010 ) . For it to be effectual, the instructor must learn high public-service corporation words that appear within the content countries that are a agencies to comprehension along with definitions and illustrations of usage in context. The group must prosecute each member in acquisition words through an mixture of methods of comparison, analysing, and utilizing mark words because academic linguistic communication is of import for reading and command of accomplishments in all capable countries. Careful planning is a must for concerted acquisition to be effectual. ELLs working in concerted acquisition groups must be given assignments harmonizing to their degrees of English proficiency. The instructor must be cognizant of their phases of linguistic communication acquisition. Class edifice and squad edifice activities such as mix brace portion, mingle and lucifer, give one/get one, find person who, think brace portion, unit of ammunition tabular array, and roll the room are utile ways to incorporate concerted acquisition into the schoolroom ( Noyes, 2010 ) . Decisions Research suggests that concerted larning techniques boost ability for all pupils ( Noyes, 2010 ) . Cummins ( 2001 ) considers cooperative larning â€Å" an authorization teaching method † because pupils have greater chances to pattern unwritten linguistic communication. Concerted acquisition is a successful attack in which little squads, each with pupils of diverse degrees of capableness, use a scope of larning activities to progress their apprehension of a subject ( Noyes, 2010 ) . Each member of the squad is accountable non merely for larning what is taught, but besides for assisting teammates learn through the formation of an environment of achievement ( Kagan, 2002 ) . Concerted attempts consequence in members motivated for common accomplishment so that all addition from each other ‘s attempts, acknowledge that all members portion a common destiny, know that one ‘s public presentation is caused by each other working together and experience proud and jointly observe when 1 is recognized for success. Concerted acquisition is non merely group work or a manner to maintain pupils busy. Teachers must supply cardinal direction in phonemic consciousness, phonics, eloquence, vocabulary, and comprehension and let the kineticss of concerted acq uisition to supply pattern for proficiency.

A History, a past, and a Trail Essay

The discovery of the North American continent created, literally, an entirely new world. With the congestion of Europe and a desire for agricultural land, many from the East loaded upon massive carrier ships in sight of a new life. It was a long voyage across the Atlantic. The sight of the new world from off-shore had been described as â€Å"salvation†. What these settlers did not know was that they were entering into shore-side cities that were even more cramped than their original location. The flocking to â€Å"America† is what attributed to the congestion and size of New York itself. This degraded living conditions and created an entirely new form of social status that had never been seen by Europeans. Something needed to be done to spread out the population of the Eastern shore side. Luckily our â€Å"rookie† government, fresh out of a war, had a creative idea to promote a move to the West. These politicians, in a vote of fifty-two to fifty. decided to intervene by offering any married couple six-hundred and forty acres of land. This was the equivalent to one square mile of land. They labeled the effort: â€Å"Manifest Destiny†. One can imagine how tempting this sounds to factory workers and small time farmers. Previously to this, some early explorers thought it necessary to devise a route from East to West. Lewis and Clark were the first to map the journey. The route they took covered 2,170 miles and practically covered all of the land that was accessible to wagons(Wiki). After a little â€Å"fine-tuning† by John Jacob Astor, to avoid dangerous areas of the Rocky Mountains and hostile Blackfeet Indians, the â€Å"Oregon Trail† was set in stone. This sparked many to make the dangerous move from East to West. Settlers that lived in cramped suburbs and local â€Å"Camp Towns† now had the motivation to spread out their horizons in a search for wealth and happiness. Manifest Destiny developed from a dream to a reality. With all of this came the hearsay and rumors that many viewed as dangerous. Many had heard of the â€Å"Dead Lands† located in the South Western dessert. Fatal stories were told about land that was not suited for farming. Although this caused a delay among some settlers, many had no choice to move westward, and set off on to their destination. Starting in Kansas City, the Oregon Trail began following the Santa Fe Trail. The growth of Kansas City can be attributed to being at the start of the massive trail; Local business sky-rocketed within a few years (END). The need for supplies caused many stores to become profitable overnight. Since there wasn’t much along the route to Oregon, many had to stock up for the long journey. Horses, food, and spare parts were just some of the many items a traveler would need to complete the journey (END). Many referred to the Kansas City area as â€Å"The Docks†, in reference to it being a loading dock for the expansion. After leaving Kansas City, and sticking to the rules of survival, wagons would use the natural terrain to their advantage. Many would stick to lower valleys that followed the river. After a few years, the trail was actually visible to those who traveled it; however, this does not seem to hold true for the remainder of the trip. Nebraska was in sight for most that started the trip. After crossing the Blue River it was just one river after another until arriving at the Rocky Mountains. Along the way, settlements began to form, which made the journey easier. The more who traveled, the easier it became. Many did not actually travel the entire route. If a good location or opportunity arose, families would start their new lives at that very spot along the trail (Wiki). Since many had no idea of where they were going to live when they completed their journey, it made sense that, if a good location was spotted along the way, that became their home. This is what forged cities and trade routes along the way. Even in the Rocky Mountains people began to settle. Mountain towns became good places to start the logging industry. With the rivers along the Oregon Trail flowing from North to South, logs from the Rockies found their way back down the trail to Kansas City. The direction of trade, however, was not a one-way street. The towns that were created along the trail needed supplies too. Many who traveled beyond the Rocky Mountains were sure to bring over-stocked supplies with them. Supplies were almost as valuable as gold on the Oregon Trail. Beyond the Rockies, it was pretty much a straight shot to Oregon. Following rivers one could go as far as Washington State. Many started homes in the forests of Oregon. After avoiding the southern desserts, it was clear that this area was suitable for cultivation and living. The only problem was that Oregon had harsh winters and very short windows of time for farming. New ways, such as the gold rush, were what sealed the fate of the northwestern states as being a contributing district of America. The settlers of western America were not just poor people looking for a way out of trouble. Many rich tycoons took advantage of the rising boom towns. When starting any venture, most people need a lender. Banks started to sprout at several points along the trail. In terms of business, it was common practice for towns to make their start, purely on credit. Many say that this is the reason the west side of the continent received venues for big business. It was until a newer improved method of transportation was devised that the Oregon Trail became the secondary path to the west. Until the invention of the Transcontinental Rail Road, the Oregon Trail was the main route for traversing the middle section of the country (Vance, 1961). People still relied on animal-based transportation and inefficient ways to cultivate their lands . This is where a change needed to take place the most in our country. Since the land was harder to farm and many were having a hard time finding the resources to do so, many believe that ingenuity was the only answer to the west’s problems. The need of the settlers is what sparked the inventions that farmers were looking for. New methods of plowing and irrigation were among the advancements along the trail. It seems, though, that pure luck and not the Oregon Trail is the hammer that etched the fate of the western states into stone. The Gold Rush of 1848-1855 drove the remainder of the population to the west . The search for gold and prosperity could be seen in people throughout the country. Although most were left empty handed, they had at least gained a new home in the left side of our country. This new home would suit them nicely. In the end, the Oregon Trail can be said to have carved a path of prosperity along the horizon of our nation. The details of this can often be seen in cities like Los Angeles and San Francisco. Many started on a destination of uncertainty and ended up with more than they had bargained for. The rest worked hard and put food on the plate. History is the only area that the Oregon Trail is used today. Even though US Highway number 26 practically parallels the trail, the duration of the trail stays in the culture and heritage of families that live in the Western United States. Works Cited http://www.endoftheoregontrail.org/histhome.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Trail

Essay on The Future of Educational TechnologyEssay Writing Service

Essay on The Future of Educational TechnologyEssay Writing Service Essay on The Future of Educational Technology Essay on The Future of Educational TechnologyThe technology plays an increasingly important part in the development of education with educators using digital technologies wider. In the future of technology will increase even more. In this regard, the ideal school of 2020 is likely to be the highly technological school where educators and students will use advanced technologies and develop distance learning to enhance the conventional learning.In fact, the school of 2020 is the high tech school that includes the use of modern information technologies. Students will be equipped with mobile devices, smartphones or tablets which they will use instead of convention textbooks. They will not need other devices to use for learning. At the same time, they will be able to learn any time they feel good and comfortable for them. They will be able to contact their educators any time they want. In such a way, students can learn autonomously.As for educators, they will use information technologies and telecommunication system to deliver instructions to students and to maintain the communication with students not only within the classroom but also outside that will stimulate the development of the distance learning to enhance the conventional in-school learning. For instance, if students have difficulties with performing some tasks, they may contact their educator for help or additional information on the tasks.Thus, the future school of 2020 will be a highly technological school and such school is highly realistic taking into consideration the speed of the technological progress. Therefore, technologies used in the school will be cheaper and, therefore available to students and educators.

Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 16

Economic - Essay Example The HS2 railway would be a great investment for the United Kingdom (Cowen, 2011). Since the railway line will run from London to Leeds and then Manchester, it would ease congestion on Britain’s railway line. However, critics of the projects argue that high-speed railway would not benefit the country accordingly because of the price tag. Despite the opposition, it is rational to argue that the HS2 project is a necessity in Britain. Given enormous growth in freight and passengers, the new line would help ease these problems. Having high-speed railway line in Britain would mean expansion and growth of areas outside London. As discussed in the paper, the HS2 railway line would contribute a lot to the economy of Britain. The benefits of the projects justify the revised costs given its long-term investment (Nash, 2010). The high-speed railway line in Britain will open up the region and in turn encourage trade among European nations. This project means that Britain has embarked on expanding its international trade, taking advantage of the newly competitive exchange rate to penetrate new markets. It will encourage new foreign investments, expand and ameliorate its tourism industry and improve the education and skills base to continue providing a platform for new employment. In addition, under the Economic Recovery Plan of Britain, the government with the new project will appreciate the role of the public sector in economic growth. The project has also mobilized a variety of cross-public activities, which are aimed at supporting the Scottish economy through the effects of the global recession (Nash, 201). With the aim of escalating economic recovery in the Northeast England, the approval of the High-speed railway will encourage competition among firms in Northeast England. The project will aim at making the Northeast region a more cohesive, ambitious, and attractive for investment and working based on

Discuss Constantine, his Conversion to Christianity and the end of the Essay - 1

Discuss Constantine, his Conversion to Christianity and the end of the Roman Empire - Essay Example However, in the Roman Empire the government distrusted Christians and this implied that they were the minority in a society that was filled with pagans. During this period, the Christians followed the Christian way of life by obeying authorities such as bishops and the rule of law, but they refused to abide by the customs of the pagans. The government was filled with pagans, and this prompted it to single out the Christians, but they held on strongly to Christianity and they were not moved by the constant harassments they underwent. This scenario prompted Christians to be killed and continued to unite them further in their fight to be allowed freedom of worship. Prior to the end of the roman empire Diocletian, who was an emperor during this time declared Christianity as forbidden and churches were demolished. In addition to this, Christians were denied their legal rights all in the efforts of completely removing Christianity from the society. Around the year 299, disruption of the pagan rituals and burning of the Diocletian’s palace caused many Christians to be killed since they were blamed for these occurrences. However, the persecutions did not completely destroy Christianity, and this is the time when Constantine took up the fight to restore Christianity because he was disturbed by the persecution they underwent. Constantine had encountered many of the harassments against Christians since he was brought up in Diocletian’s court and he found them disturbing. Before the battle between the Christians and pagans at the Milvian Bridge, he had a dream where God instructed on how they would encounter the pagans. During this time, he was not a Christian, but he had a vow that if he won this battle he would fight for Christians for the rest of his reign. His mother was a Christian and she had instilled Christianity values in him, so he had the zeal to fight for their rights. The Christians won this battle, and he believed that God