Consumer behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Purchaser conduct - Essay Example There is an opposite point of view also, which is, association can straight route think of promoting systems, and afterward impact the customer conduct. That is, if the association makes a full scale ‘attack’ on the customers’ sense organs of eyes, ears and even nose, they can impact or tune the consumer’s conduct and their purchasing propensities. In any case, it is of fundamental significance to concentrate on consumers’ conduct and think of promoting systems, so the organization’s item or administration can be made a tempting one just as an ideally selling and fruitful one. Toward that path, the attention will be on the British item or brand of BMW’s MINI or MINI Hatch, clarifying how its promoting blend components driven by mental and sociological drivers has been cooperating to impact buyer purchasing conduct, and along these lines supporting it to get one of the best customer results of the world. Foundation Mini (marked at first as MINI, MINI Cooper and now as MINI Hatch) was initially a British car brand, yet is presently as of now claimed and made by the German auto major, BMW Group. Because of its extraordinary plan and execution, Mini, since its dispatch in 1950s, got one of the most affable and famous vehicles in Britain just as all through the world. It went under BMW’s control in 1994, when BMW bought Minis’ then proprietor, Rover. Be that as it may, with Rover confronting gigantic misfortunes at the turn of the thousand years, BMW chose to sell Rover and consequently quit rewarding â€Å"'The English Patient†, as the battling Rover auxiliary was nicknamed by the British Press. Indeed, even while auctioning off the Rover, BMW understanding the criticalness and capability of Mini as a brand decided to hold it. They permitted Rover to sell out all the made models, and when the last one was sold, the brand name 'Scaled down' got returned to BMW. Under that brand name, BMW began asse mbling of its form at Oxford plant in Cowley, United Kingdom, in this manner propelling what came to be one of the best brand in addition to famous items out of UK. BMW’s MINI as an ideal PRODUCT With BMW revamping and re-marking an effectively fruitful result of Mini, it had in its grasp an ideal PRODUCT, when it propelled it in 2000 at the Paris Motor Show. During the dispatch, BMW changed the brand name as MINI Cooper, with the letters of ‘Mini’ promoted, along the expansion of the name Cooper. Both these progressions were done to give it a makeover and significantly to separate it from the Mini was delivered by Rover. This new symbol of MINI was inconsequential to the old Mini in the specialized and setup sense, yet at the same time held certain key, fruitful and famous highlights like the transverse 4 chambers, alongside front-wheel-drive design and critically the notable just as the interesting bulldog contact. In spite of the fact that, they fused certain old highlights, the new MINI was a progression or forward development of the old vehicle, the same number of innovatively propelled viewpoints beginning from the powerful motor to different specialized and non-specialized angles were included. BMW MINI’s fashioner Frank Stephenson had this to state, â€Å"The MINI Cooper is anything but a retro structure vehicle, yet an advancement of the first. It has the qualities and a large number of the attributes of its

Bills Lesson on Speaking and Pronouncing English Words

Bills Lesson on Speaking and Pronouncing English Words Presentation This treatise offers an extensive study of the exercise educated by Bill, the educator, in a basic homeroom. The exercise is tied in with talking and way to express English words by students who are figuring out how to talk in English.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Bill’s Lesson on Speaking and Pronouncing English Words explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bill utilizes the discourse outline as the essential instrument for working on talking and articulation in the multicultural class condition. Bill likewise utilizes the white board in an intelligent exercise conveyance way to deal with the youthful grown-up students. The exercise in educated in English language using beneficial and open abilities by means of the ESA model of exercise conveyance. Bill’s exercise was flawless since it was calculated on complete student commitment in an intuitive procedure that suits the adapting needs of every understudy. Towa rd the finish of the exercise, the students indicated competency in talking and articulating the English words educated in the most proper way. Hypothesis The whole system of Bill’s exercise in dependent on the inductive methodology. Bill starts the intriguing exercise through showing arrangement of outward appearances that delineates changed dispositions after which the students are relied upon to talk before he offers the right elocution and clarification. This methodology works consummately in the rudimentary class as all the students are locked in and appears to be exceptionally intrigued by what Bill needs to state straightaway. This methodology may likewise be alluded to as the Practice, Production, and Presentation Model as the focal point of the exercise is on the capacity to appropriately articulate and express some English words with the correct tone (Harmer, 2007).Advertising Looking for basic composition on dialects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Explicit Talk about Language The exercise conveyed by Bill was made to test articulation and perusing aptitudes among the students of English as an auxiliary language. The exercise was conveyed in a dynamic way inside the Practice, Production, and Presentation model. The students appeared to appreciate the subject and were completely connected with from the earliest starting point as far as possible since Bill’s style of exercise conveyance was described by diversion and utilization of extremely commonsense models. The elocution was made exceptionally basic through use of tonal variety to make diverse significance for words in a sentence. Bill utilized the case of depicting an involvement with the film lobby through individual reflection about quick condition and events during the occasion. This offers Bill the chance to present diverse distinct words since the students could identify with the subject (Harmer, 2007). As the exercis e started, Bill permitted the students to peruse the words composed on the whiteboard without interposition. Bill was excited about permitting the students to articulate the words with intermittent interferences at whatever point he saw net incorrect spelling since the exercise was centered around checking the learners’ capacity to accurately articulate a few words and read them appropriately. As showed by Harmer (2007), permitting students to articulate words all alone without steady interference is instrumental towards building the fearlessness and oral capability of the understudies. In spite of the fact that Bill empowers free cooperation of the considerable number of students, he is mindful so as to apply the guided support way to deal with guarantee that the students stay objective in contributing in the class.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Bill’s Lesson on Speaking and Pronouncing English Words explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11 /page Learn More In request to shield students from feeling strange, the exercise objective receives a comprehensive instruction and intuitive exercise meeting where each understudy is relied upon to contribute similarly. During the pragmatic evaluation of the students through direct cooperation, Bill was mindful so as to combine the students and gives space for higher Student Talking Time (STT) while controlling the Teacher Talking Time (TTT). Bill was effective in guaranteeing that each student takes an interest in the STT. Through depiction of how every student spent their past night, the certainty level of every student was solid as they uninhibitedly communicate with their elocution aptitudes (Harmer, 2007). The educator is mindful so as to control the students when he proposes the STT. The accomplishment of Bill’s exercise could be ascribed to his capacity to give clear guidelines, use of guided investment, and proactive conveyance techniques. The focal point of Billâ⠂¬â„¢s exercise caught arrangement of ideas on elocution and talking about various English words inside the privilege tonal varieties. Through utilization of the film understanding, Bill had the option to present distinctive tonal varieties in articulating certain words that have various implications. Sprout plot the chain of importance of intellectual destinations of learning; from easy to unpredictable as information (recollecting data), cognizance (capacity to obtain significance from the data), application (capacity to utilize the data), investigation (capacity to break data into parts to comprehend it better), union (capacity to merged materials together to make something new), and assessment (capacity to check, judge, and scrutinize materials) (Harmer, 2007). Because of bilingual nature of students in this class, a few instructional difficulties were experienced by Bill during the time spent actualizing the exercise goals. Regardless, fundamental comprehension of English as a workmanship shifted among.Advertising Searching for basic composition on dialects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Along these lines, it was imperative to fuse straightforward English jargon and sentence structure in clarifying a few words utilized in the class. The exercise embraced a functional, intelligent, and comprehensive figuring out how to limit effect of the above hindrances. Notwithstanding STT learning, Bill applied cheat sheets, sign reaction drill, and conceptualize to instruct jargon to the students. For example, Bill continually utilized diverse outward appearances to portray their implications, for example, bitterness, grin, and bliss among others. Also, Bill trained the students to apply the discourse reenactment through oral introduction. While adjusting the mix-ups made by the students (powerlessness to accurately utilize present and past tenses), Bill utilizes oral introduction to guarantee that the understudies disguise development of various English words and expressions (Harmer, 2007). What's more, Bill has been fruitful in applying the redundancy way to deal with improve t he memory of the students through rehashed way to express certain words. Through focusing on certain words and adjusting the sound in application, Bill was effective in applying the more liberated and controlled practices in conveying the exercise. The teacher’s job The exercise conveyed by Bill was deliberately organized and conveyed in a diverting manner to boost level of student commitment. As the teacher, Bill was clear, down to earth, and centered in conveying the exercise content through the STT position. Bill doesn't avoid the intelligent learning. In addition, Bill utilizes outward appearances and reasonable guides to guarantee that the exercise in a triumph. Incorporation Bill applied cheat sheets, prompt reaction drill, and conceptualize techniques to show the students on appropriate articulation and talking right English. Through the whiteboard, Bill had the option to apply the Presentation, Practice, and Production way to deal with guarantee that the STT is booste d. Finishing up Sentence The exercise conveyed by Bill is an ideal case of an articulation and perusing class that exhibits the criticalness of STT and PPT in exercise conveyance as a major aspect of framework learning in a unique study hall condition. Reference Harmer, J. (2007). The act of English language educating (fourth ed.). Harlow, UK: Pearsons Longman.

Ciao, Italy! (Part 2)

Ciao, Italy! (Part 2) Part 2/2 documenting my Italy IAP trip :) Enjoy! Day 15: A magical day in Bologna, especially after chancing upon a fellow group of internationals at my hostel. More churches and panoramic views, but this time, accented by sightseeing of seven of the city’s “secrets” from an Argentinian girl studying abroad in the quaint city. They included a window into a small canal called “Little Venice” and hidden pictorial inscriptions of old storefronts by the main square. We communicated through a plethora of languages, a flurry of French, Spanish, English, and Italian words, moderated by a fearless French girl, who knew all four. In that beautiful moment, I wished I could understand it all, and I promised myself that I would take more language classes (in vain, given the hell that is this semester’s upcoming schedule). It was one flaw of my packed technical curriculum; in the hopes of learning as much as I can in my major, my humanities side is often neglected. Ragù (Bolognese) sauce in its birthplace Bologna! Day 17: Learning is hard (I imagine)! I was pleasantly surprised by how quickly my students caught on to code. These were students educated in a classical curriculum, who drowned themselves in ancient texts and histories, with daily lessons in Greek, Latin, and philosophy for five years, six days a week. Despite the language barrier, they were already coding basic functions, as they neared the end of a demanding, fast-paced curriculum. If I had to learn computer science in Spanish, I would probably still be Google-translating the lessons word by word, and certainly not already coding. Marshmallow challenge with a high school in Sondrio Day 19: Final day, and I can confirm that time flies. My host teacher requested that I provide grades, so in addition to grading homework, I obliged with a final exam. One of the most surprising things to me was how much stronger the culture of collaboration was here than in the U.S. I talked to several students, who told me that they would readily share test answers with classmates given an opportune time. I saw it with my own eyes as well, when two girls yelled answers to each other during my final from across the room, after I had to verbally ban phone use during the test. Although it’s not that academic dishonesty doesn’t happen in the U.S., it just seemed shockingly conspicuous in Italy, maybe because of the stronger emphasis on competitive individualism. Final dinner with my students and another MIT GTLer Day 21: On a train ride to Sondrio, a small valley town in the Alps, about 30km from the Swiss border. The caramel hills surrounding the city center had echoes of the lush vineyards and wildflowers that would cover them in spring. I was there to present with the Soroptimist Club of Sondrio, an international volunteer organization that advocates for human rights and gender equality. The hope was that by sharing my story and my love for MIT, I would inspire the girls to commit to STEM careers and overcome the gendered stereotypes that discourage them. In presenting about MIT and where these biases come from, a surprisingly strong feminist side of me came out, sparked by the research I read on the gender pay gap, implicit biases that haunt women in STEM, and the blatant biases of children’s toys. The sparse number of girls in scientific high schools and boys in classical ones emphasized the greater gender divide present in Italy. I hope that my presentation resonated with at least one student. Lake Como region that I passed on my train ride over to Sondrio Day 23: I had five seconds of fame, as our event was featured by the local TV station and a few provinicial newspapers. This day’s presentation had a more receptive audience, and a few even expressed interest in MIT. In addition to my pitch on MIT, I also brought the Marshmallow Challenge. Each group is given 20 sticks of spaghetti, some tape, and a marshmallow and instructed to build the tallest, freestanding structure, measured by the height of where the marshmallow sits. It helped emphasize my point that failure is often a necessary precursor to success (many examples were drawn from my own life too), as kindergarteners perform the best on this task because they lack this fear of failure. I also popped into Switzerland for an afternoon because one of the members was taking her daughter to an ice rink there to practice, and I tagged along because why not? The entire experience was punctuated by the incredibly generous hospitality that welcomed me throughout my entire stay. Ice skating excursion in Switzerland Day 25: First, I spent a night in the town of Bergamo, famous for its split-level upper and lower city, connected by an ancient funicular. The entire city was shrouded in a dense fog, but I imagine that in the summer, it would’ve been host to sweeping views of the surrounding area. I flew to meet my friend in Palermo, Sicily, where she was doing her Soroptimist presentation. Together, we ate heaps of cheap street food (advertised as the 5th most famous city in the world for street food!) and took in the sea, the amalgamation of Palermo’s conquerors’ architecture (ancient Arabic, Greek, and Roman places of worship and ruins), and the boutique shops with their massive January sales. Fried balls of spaghetti, Arancini, Note to future self and fellow travellers: if you’re staying in Airbnb’s and hostels, I highly recommend bringing a smaller bag than the 50 pound luggage that we dragged up many a flight of stairs and that dragged us down the same stairs when it came time to lea ve. Palermos Cathedral Day 27: And here we are. Back in Milan and preparing for my flight tomorrow morning. There is definitely a big part of me that is missing the familiarity of my dorm room, and I’m looking forward to not having to live out of a suitcase any more. Soon I’ll be on my way home to MIT, and drowning in a mountain of code and robot parts (more to come about this soon!). Until my next MISTI adventure, ciao, Italy. An attempt at a map of my journey (those blobs are planes) Post Tagged #GTL (Global Teaching Labs) #GTL (Global Teaching Labs) #photography

Impact Of The American Industrial Revolution On Modern...

Impact of the American Industrial Revolution on the of Modern America Introduction The Industrial Revolution started around 1750. It began in Britain and it spread throughout the World. Although full industrial development would only occur after 1815, the industrial revolution began in the United States during the 1790s and early 1800s. The Industrial Revolution was marked by three key developments specialization, mechanization, and distribution. Specialization meant the breaking down of the means of production into its component parts, allowing for more rapid manufacturing in a given shop or locality. Mechanization reflected the use of power-driven machinery to increase production and entailed the building of factories and extensive investment of capital. With increased production from specialization and mechanization came the need to reach broader markets and the shift from local to national distribution (Shultz, p. 310). Discussion American industrialization affected migration, urbanization, and the development of enormous organizations. The expanding number of manufacturing plants made a higher labor demand. Foreigners, predominantly from Europe and China, settled in the U.S. to exploit the work opportunities. In light of the assembly line laborer request, America encountered a movement blast, the Incredible Wave, amid which migration found the middle value of 600,000 every year†¦ principally by European outsiders; especially, in its second half, with settlersShow MoreRelatedThe Invention Of The First Industrial Revolution1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe First Industrial Revolution Envision living in a society dominated by factories that just recently transformed from arable land and farms. Imagine constantly hearing about brand new inventions and ideas that were deemed impossible only a few years ago. Visualize working long hours in cramped factories, in exchange for low pay and contagious diseases. For some people that lived during the age of industrialization, this was their reality of life. During the 18th and 19th century, the world wasRead MoreHow Did Labor Change After The American Revolution?1626 Words   |  7 Pageschange after the American Revolution? THINK ABOUT: How did technology impact the older, artisan labor system, slave labor and industrial labor to 1877? What ideologies were in conflict over â€Å"free labor†? How did gender and regionalism impact attitudes toward labor in American society? The American Revolution was not the only revolution to take place in America. The Industrial revolution was happening all across America in the times leading up to the Civil War. The Industrial Revolution, which came toRead MoreEffects Of The Columbian Exchange1121 Words   |  5 PagesWorld. But the Columbian Exchange also included the transfer of diseases between Europe and the Americas.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Old World diseases were transferred European sailors to Native Americans. The diseases played at least as big of role in defeating the Native Americans as advanced weaponry did (Craig). In the first 20 years after the first encounter, wherever the Europeans went, large numbers of Native Americans died. The most deadly disease was smallpox, killing millions of people. Bubonic plague, typhoidRead Morefactors that contributed to the rise and development of sociology1511 Words   |  7 Pagesunrests especially the French Revolution that took over from the eighteenth century to the nineteenth century. The turmoil of the French Revolution spread throughout Europe and other nations. Kornblum (2008) suggests that the political upheavals were associated with tremendous social changes. The political revolutions demolished the old social order and monarchies. There was social chaos and disorder in societies that were resulted in by the political revolutions especially in the Fre nch societyRead MoreAmerican South And German Imperialism Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship between slavery in the American South as well as in the African village of Togo, run by Germany. He opens with the importance of cotton in America’s social, political, and economic markets. Not only does Zimmerman explain the correlation between cotton and black labor, but he further explains black labor through Booker T. Washington’s Tuskegee Institute. The Tuskegee Institute is a continual concept played throughout the book, having a large impact on the German colony of Togo. ThereRead MoreIndustrialization During The Industrial Revolution1180 Words   |  5 PagesIndustrialization in America The Industrial Revolution in the US occurred over a period stretching for over a century, as the production of commodities changed from home businesses to machine-aided production in factories. This was after the factory system evolved from the cottage industry just at the beginning of Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century. The cottage industry was driven by workers who would buy raw materials from merchants and then take it home so that they could produce specificRead MoreThe Atlantic Slave Trade1392 Words   |  6 Pagessystem of slavery that took place between the 16th and 19th centuries. It comprised of capturing African tribesmen and women from areas of Western and Central Africa and placing them into the colonies of the New World in North, Central, and South America. Many countries like England, Portugal, Spain, Holland, and France, had participated in enslaving the African peoples. The African slaves were used to exploit an array of commodities such coffee, cotton, r um, sugar, and tobacco, and eventually theyRead MoreImpact Of The Industrial Revolution On The United States1013 Words   |  5 PagesThe Industrial Revolution brought about an overwhelming amount of economic change to the United States. The first Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain and in Europe in the latter part of the eighteenth century and, it then spread to the United States and Germany. The Industrial Revolution itself refers to a change from hand and home production to machine and factory (Kelly). During this time period, America was growing in knowledge. The industrialization of America involved three greatRead MoreRussia and Latin Americas Responses to Industrialization Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagescentury, Russia and Latin America responded similarly to industrialization in the formation of a growing middle class, in a â€Å"boom† in exports and new economic ties, in urbanization, and in similar acts of revolutionary disobedience against a dictato r. Latin America, as a result of industrialization, created a small market for manufactured goods unlike Russia’s vast industrial market powered by foreign investments. Also, there were long-term effects to Russia’s revolution in which a socialist politicalRead MoreEffects Of The Grand Industrial Revolution877 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was a time that England and America set the stage for life as we know it today. It brought the developmental changes of agriculture, manufacturing, mining, communication and transportation to the European empires and eventually the entire world. Everywhere we look we can see how it has impacted our quality of life, family structure, career paths, and even education. There are endless possibilities when explaining the effects of the

Character Analysis Of Heart Of Darkness - 1799 Words

Introduction Joseph Conrad’s 20th century novella, Heart of Darkness, explicates the disparity between the intrinsic nature of humans and the superficiality that one exudes to masquerade the primordial nature innate to all persons. Charlie Marlow’s expedition through the Congo River cultivates an opportunity for self-discovery as he realizes that the human spirit is capable of atrocities that one could not fathom; moreover, his empirical observations of European violence in Africa impels him to renounce the very European ideals that he was raised with- Marlow’s intrinsic self rejects the corrupt and decrepit European ideals that served to dehumanize those that lacked the same skin colour as himself. Consequently, this transposes into a†¦show more content†¦Present at the Berlin Conference was the enigmatic and unscrupulous King Leopold II; moreover, Leopold II had successfully swindled the European community into believing that he was responsible for carrying out alt ruistic endeavors and civilizing the African people by proselytizing them and assimilating them into European culture. Ultimately, the African Subcontinent and its people were viewed as the antithesis of the Europeans. Under these false pretenses, Leopold II was able to procure the vast amount of precious resources in the region including ivory, rubber, and a vast array of minerals and gems. In 1892, Leopold II openly declared that all resources in the Congo Free State now belonged to him; moreover, the pursuit of goods extended beyond the exterior. The colonialists had encroached upon the interior of the Congo Free State where they could further exploit the land and its people. In the novel, this encroachment is characterized by the implementation of several stations in the interior of the Congolese jungle. In the coming years, several atrocities were committed against the Congolese people†¦. The political and cultural context of this era play an instrumental role in understan ding Marlow’s rationale for abandoning his previously held convictions; moreover, his internal struggle stems from his anachronistic stance on the treatment of humans. In contemporary society, one may perceive the conventions ofShow MoreRelatedHeart Of Darkness Character Analysis977 Words   |  4 Pagescan conceive what a plaguing thing it is to have a man’s mind torn asunder by two projects of equal strength, both obstinately pulling in a contrary direction at the same time.† In the novel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad there are two characters whose minds are being torn in two. One of these characters is the mysterious Kurtz. 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I will compare and contrast the narrative structure, the language used and the themes explored. Through this critical analysis, we can gain a better understanding of the two extracts, each one helping to illuminate the other. The passages I will be analysing are: Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe, Page 124 Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad, Page 116-117 Narrative Structure NarrativeRead MoreComparative Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesComparative analysis: â€Å"Heart of Darkness† â€Å"Apocalypse Now† Student: Mora Vandenbroele Teacher: Azucena Estigarribia Year: 11th â€Å"A† â€Å"Heart of Darkness† vs. â€Å"Apocalypse Now† It is very interesting how humans are so intrigued about the evilness in the world, and the dedication of some men to compare Hell with the Earthly horror. Joseph Conrad, a genius writer, took his time to show this with his masterpiece â€Å"Heart of Darkness†Read MoreEssay about Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness794 Words   |  4 Pagessuggestive arguments when trying to dissect a piece of writing. Joseph Conrads novella Heart of Darkness offers the perfect platform for interpretation. With a dozen shades of foggy grays, the short story is begging for a set of eyes that can see it through. Without proceeding too far into the novella, one can draw out a great deal of analytical suggestions as to what the title itself implies. The word Darkness seems to be a consistent theme throughout the book. So much so, that the amount of weightRead MoreHeart of Darkness vs. Apocalypse Now Essay816 Words   |  4 Pages In Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now, both Joseph Conrad a nd Francis Ford Coppola create similar statements through their creations as they both centralize their views upon the effects of environmental changes that affect the human condition. The film Apocalypse Now vaguely reflects a similar message pursued by Conrad’s novella, due to the difference in time period, place setting, and circumstances in which the film was created. Conrad wrote his novella during British colonization, focusingRead More Comparing Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness   Ã‚   In the opening scenes of the documentary film Hearts of Darkness-A Filmmakers Apocalypse, Eleanor Coppola describes her husband Franciss film, Apocalypse Now, as being loosely based on Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness. Indeed, loosely is the word; the period, setting, and circumstances of the film are totally different from those of the novella. Yet, a close analysis of character, plot, and theme in each respective work reveals thatRead MoreThe Journey In â€Å"Heart Of Darkness† Spans Not Only The Capricious1222 Words   |  5 PagesThe journey in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† spans not only the capricious waters extending our physical world, but also the perplexing ocean which exists in the heart of man. Through Marlow s somewhat overenthusiastic eyes, we perceive the mystery that is humanity, and the blurred line between darkness and light. It is an expedition into the deepest crevices of the human heart and mind bringing on an awareness, and finally descending into the abyss of hell abiding in each of us. Conrad’s use of wordplayRead MoreIn Search of the Unknown: Apocalypse Now1584 Words   |  6 PagesIn Search of the Unknown Apocalypse Now is a film based on the story Heart of Darkness, written by Joseph Conrad. By analyzing the book, the readers do not just understand the theme and plot of the story, but also makes readers look back in the 19th century Colonialism and see how the world worked under Imperialism. The movie, Apocalypse Now also correlates with the book, but this time the setting does not take place in the 19th century, but in the 20th century when United States was at war withRead MoreEthnocentrism: with Whom Resides the Heart of Darkness?790 Words   |  4 PagesEthnocentrism 1 Ethnocentrism With Whom Resides the Heart of Darkness? Antonio Arevalo James Campbell High School Ethnocentrism 2 Abstract This paper discusses Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrads most acclaimed novel, and attempts to determine what the heart of darkness that Conrad speaks of is. I found, through my interpretations, that the heart of darkness is the ethnocentrism that Europeans maintained in the age of colonialism. More specifically, this ethnocentrism brought

Advertising, Social and Economic Costs and Benefits Free Essays

UNIT 1 P1 â€Å"describe the type of business, purpose and ownership of two contrasting organisations† Tesco Tesco is in private sector, but it is a PLC, a public limited company, this is an international business, also it is in primary. Tesco is doing service by providing food to its customers. Tesco exist, so people can buy food, they do their own products also, this company exists for making profit. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising, Social and Economic Costs and Benefits or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tesco makes profit by selling its products or making deliveries to customers. Tesco is trying to achieve , to be the best company Our vision is for Tesco to be most highly valued by the customers we serve, the communities in which we operate, our loyal and committed staff and our shareholders; to be a growth company; a modern and innovative company and winning locally, applying our skills globally. Tesco is a global business. Tesco is a public limited company (PLC) this means that the owners of Tesco are the shareholder. North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service- This is a public sector organization, it doesn’t make profit, because it’s service costs more than the amount of money people pay them for fire. This organization exist so when the people have fire or extreme situations they call fire and rescue service and they help them. In 2004 North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Authority developed a new focused Vision to reflect their broader function within the modernisation agenda. â€Å"Over the 10 years to 2014, in North Yorkshire and the City of York, 125 more people will still be alive through the work of the new Fire and Rescue Service. This will be due to the Service having significantly reduced the likelihood and severity of fire and other emergencies. We will achieve this through the dedication of our staff working in partnership with other agencies in the community†. This is a local company because it is North Yorkshire. Simply summarised as – The term â€Å"125 Alive† captures the Authority’s Vision in one simple phrase. It means that 125 people who might otherwise have died in an accident will be alive because of preventative action taken by the Fire and Rescue Service working in partnership with other agencies. The target will be achieved by a steady reduction year on year in fatalities in road traffic collisions and fires. The aims and objectives of this organization are to help people to rescue them away from dangerous things, and also to remove the fire away, so the people will be in safe. They are trying their best , so they will be the best from their competitors. P2 â€Å"describe the different stakeholders who influence the purpose of two contrasting organisations† M1 â€Å"explain the points of view from different stakeholders seeking to influence the strategic aims and objectives of two contrasting organisations† Stakeholders: A person, group, or organization that has direct or indirect stake in an organization because it can affect or be affected by the organization’s actions, objectives, and policies. Key stakeholders in a business organization include creditors, customers, directors, employees, government (and its agencies), owners (shareholders), suppliers, unions, and the community from which the business draws its resources. Stakeholder Grouping| Interest| Tesco PLC| NY Fire Rescue Service| Consumers/customers| They want high quality, value for money products. Customers often identify with the brands they buy. They like to see improvements that give them better value for money. | People who want to buy high quality food or other staff| This are the local people in the local area who wants to take the fire out| Employees/workers| The company provides them with a salary/money to live (a livelihood). They seek security, promotion opportunities, job satisfaction and rewards. | This are the workers in the stores, they are interested in security| This are the firemen, their job is to rescue people and to remove the fire for safety. | Suppliers| They want steady orders and payment for supplying stock. They also want to feel valued. People which supply different staff like water, food, drinks etc. They do it because they are sure that Tesco Is a successful business and if they are successful so they have a lot of profit , and suppliers are sure in Tesco and they have more orders cause Tesco has more customers| People, who supply the equipment, like the extinguishers. | Owners| They may be a sole t rader or in a partnership. In a company it would be the shareholders. Often thought to be the most important stakeholder. They see themselves as the principal risk taker. They want to see share of profit increasing and the value of the business rising. So the owner of Tesco is the shareholders, they are interested in success of their business, they want Tesco to be the best, as every shareholder does. | The government is the owner of the NYFRS. The government wants to succeed this organization in their job, so people will be in safe. | Trade Unions| They represent the views of the employees of the business. They want higher wages and better conditions. | They want Tesco to be successful, because if Tesco is successful, so workers conditions will be better, because this stakeholder is interested in employees comfort and life. They are interested in firemen success and conditions, wages etc. So if firemen start to rescue people or removing fire more and more, so they could get salary and this is good for Trade Union, this is what they want. | Employer Associations| They are the employer’s equivalent of the TU. They represent the employer’s interests in specific associations. | Basically this stakeholder is equivalent Trade Union, they have quite the same interests, they also take care about the workers, but in specific way. | They are looking for the comfort of the firemen, in specific associations. Local communities| The actions of businesses can have a big effect on communities around them. They want improved facilities and provision of jobs. | Local communities wants Tesco to be considerate about the people who live nearby, considerate about the emotions and feelings. | This are the people who live near by the fire rescue service base, so when they have an emergency call they start to drive fast and a lot of noise etc. People want them to be considerate about them and to think about them, that people could be sleeping now, or doing something dif ferent when they can’t be disturbed. Governments| They want successful organisations which contribute to economic growth and provide jobs and tax revenue. They also like businesses that contribute towards the welfare of the country’s society. | Government wants Tesco to succeed, so the economy of the country would improve more and more, and more employees would be needed as the company will grow, so less unemployed people would be. | The government wants to succeed this organization in their job, so people will be in safe, and the country’s level of popularity would increase. Tesco: 1) Owners 2) Workers 3) Supplies 4) Customers 5) Government NYFRS: 1) Government 2) Workers 3) Suppliers 4) Customers 5) Local communities D1 â€Å"Evaluate the influence different stakeholders exert in ONE organization Tesco: 1) Directors – To be as strong in everything we sell as we are in food Directors are the stakeholders which have the most influence of the Tesco, becau se they can do everything what they want with the business, because it is theirs. They have ultimate control and power. If they want for example they can change the name from â€Å"Tesco† to something else etc. 2) Workers- To build our team so that we create more value Workers are the second most influence stakeholders in Tesco. This is because if there is no workers so the business can’t grow at all and it will fail, no workers, means no job done. But also if the workers would leave the Tesco, it is not such a big problem, because â€Å"Tesco† is well known successful business, and a lot of employees want to work for them. 3) Customers- To grow the UK core Customers are 3rd important stakeholders which have influence on Tesco. So if there would not be customers the business would not be able to make profit at all, so customers are also really important part of each business. If the Tesco loses the customers , so they will go to theirs opponent businesses, such as â€Å"Asda† and â€Å"Sainsbury’s†, and this could be because their would be not enough workers, or the customer service would be at low level. 4) Suppliers- To put our responsibilities to the communities we serve at the heart of what we do. Suppliers are last important stakeholders with influence on Tesco, because if the suppliers wont supply any products so Tesco would have to use its own products, but that wouldn’t make a lot of profit, and won’t be sustainable. If â€Å"Tesco† loses the suppliers, it is not a problem, because there are a lot of suppliers which are free and waiting for their chance, but if the suppliers were too good, this would be sad. P3 â€Å"Describe how two businesses are organised† TESCO: Span of control: The number of subordinates that a manager or supervisorcan directly control. This number varies with the type ofwork: complex, variable work reduces it to six, whereasroutine, fixed work increases it to twenty or more. Chain of Command: The  order  in which  authority  and  power  in an  organization  is wielded and delegated from  top management  to every employee  at every  level  of the organization. Instructions flow downward along the chain of command and accountability  flows  upward. The chart shows that Tesco has a different level of workers in its organization. These shows the mangers and members, whom they control. The managers take responsibility of what their assistants do. Manager of one job can’t control the assistants of other job manager, so everything is equal. The boss of everyone is the store director, after him is regional manager as you can see, and later is the store manager, and only than other managers of different jobs, and on the bottom of the chart are all of the assistants of all of the mangers. So in Tesco and in all other businesses the member of the working team can’t control anyone above him, or anyone or the same line, he can control only the people who are under him. It is very hard to control big organization. So, it will be better to break the organization into smaller parts. There are 4 main ways of breaking a business down into smaller sections: 1) By Function- What is the sense of each section? 2) By Location- Where is the section situated on the map? 3) By Product- Which service does the section belong to? 4) By Process- A customer staying approached on the other customers who are interested in Tesco. There are 2 main types of organizational structure: 1) Tall 2) Flat The difference between this two is that tall has more levels than flat , however in Flat Mangers there are wider span of control. . So, we can say that Tesco has Tall structure, because in Tesco’s Organizational Chart has a lot of levels. North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service: It is really hard to understand who is who, who is controlling whom, the table is a bit messy, and so I created a better one for you: But on Structure of Commission we can see that Director General has two lines. First, is that he should control 3 Directors, Corporate and Forestry, Central Services (HR, IT, Finance), Business Units, Forest Research. The North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service is looking so different comparing to Tesco’s. . In Forestry Commission General Director works with more employees, however in Tesco Director works just with managers. But The North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service’s type of organizational structure is Tall, because it has many lines. And Forestry Commission is organization by Location, because they are separated on different locations, they have 3 directs in same country. Task 2 1) Finance addresses the ways in which individuals, business entities and other organizations allocate and use monetary resources over time. It helps Tesco with finance. 2) Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. ) The act or process or producing, bringing forth, or exhibiting to view; as, the production of commodities, of a witness. That which is produced, yielded, or made, whether naturally, or by the application of intelligence and labor; as, the productions of the earth; the productions of handicraft; the productions of intellect or genius. 4) Customer S ervice is the commitment to providing value added services to external and internal customers, including attitude knowledge, technical support and quality of service in a timely manner 5) Sales- Total dollar amount collected for goods and services provided. While payment is not necessary for recognition of sales on company financial statements, there are strict accounting guidelines stating when sales can be recognized. The basic principle is that a sale can only be recognized when the transaction is already realized, or can be quite easily realized. This means that the company should have already received a payment, or the chances of receiving a payment are high. In addition, delivery of the good or service should have taken place for the sale to be recognized. ) Human resources- is a term used to describe the individuals who make up the workforce of an organization, although it is also applied in labor economics to, for example, business sectors or even whole nations. Human resources is also the name of the function within an organization charged with the overall responsibility for implementing strategies and policies relating to the management of individuals. Task 3 I will tell now, what makes Tesco and Forestry Commission similar an d what makes them different. Firstly, they both have General Director, and he has helpers. But in Forestry Commission General Director has more employees (they are: 3 directors and other staff members), however in Tesco, Director has just one helper. Secondly, this two organizations have two different, smaller parts. Tesco has broken down on process and North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service by Location. Last thing which I want to say is that, they have the same type of organization – it’s â€Å"Tall†. They have many levels and lines, which helps them to control their business. P4 â€Å"explain how their style and organization helps them to fulfill their purpose† How to cite Advertising, Social and Economic Costs and Benefits, Essay examples

South African Investment free essay sample

Utilitarian benefits of building the Caltex plant in 1977 When Texaco and SoCal decided to build there refinery plant, Caltex, in South Africa in 1977, there was much to consider. First of all, the South Africa was ruled by government upheld apartheid legislation. According to the textbook, Business Ethics: Concepts and Cases, the apartheid system, â€Å"deprived the entire Black population of all political and civil rights: They could not vote, could not hold political office, could not unionize, and had no right to freedom of assembly,† (Velasquez, p. 8). Despite this obstacle, Caltex was built and began operations. Caltex believed that by opening operations in South Africa they could provide the people with some economic opportunities that they could not have if they did not. According to the case study, â€Å"the managements of both Texaco and SoCal argued that Caltex was committed to improving the economic working conditions of its black employees and their continued pre sence in South Africa did not constitute and ‘endorsement’ of South Africa’s ‘policies’,† (para. We will write a custom essay sample on South African Investment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5). By declaring that there presence in South Africa was in no way evident in support with the government policies, Caltex gave the impression of a utilitarianism approach. According to the textbook, utilitarianism is â€Å"a general term for any view that holds that actions and policies should be evaluated on the basis of the benefits and costs they will impose on society,† (Velasquez, p. 61). Caltex upheld the belief that the benefits they provide to its employees outweigh the fact that they are conducting business in an oppressed nation. In my opinion, I think that that the benefits outweighed the negatives. Even though the South African government was morally wrong for oppressing the majority of its citizens, Caltex brought an opportunity to the region that had the promise of not only economic promise for the organization, but also the opportunity to show the people of South Africa what it is like to be equal and not discriminated. Also, there presence no doubt brought on political change and opened the eyes to the other nations of the world as to the oppression present in South Africa. If I were a stockholder in Texaco or Standard Oil Despite of all the benefits and the promises that Caltex could have provided to the people in South Africa, the shareholders still encouraged management to withdraw their operations from South Africa. As a result, the stockholders proposed three resolutions to which they would vote on and decide the future of Caltex’s operations in South Africa. The first resolution (A) was asking Caltex to terminate its operations in South Africa. The second (B) asked Caltex not to sell to the military or police of South Africa. The last resolution (C) asked Caltex to implement the Tutu principles. As a stockholder in this organization (hypothetically speaking), I would vote on these three resolutions as either in FAVOR or NOT IN FAVOR. Here is what I would vote on and why. A. NOT IN FAVOR. As I have already described in the previous section, I would not be in favor of Caltex terminating its operations in South Africa. I do think the what the government is doing in regards to how they treat its citizens is morally wrong, I believe that Caltex has the moral responsibility to remain in South Africa and provide its employees the opportunity to have the freedoms that they themselves have established as employers. B. NOT IN FAVOR. According to the case study, asking Caltex to not provide petroleum to the South African military would be considered a serious crime. It states, â€Å"it would be a crime under South Africa’s law were Caltex-South Africa to undertake a commitment to not supply petroleum products for use by the South African military or any other branch of the South African Government,† (para. 21). Voting in favor for committing a crime would be morally irresponsible on my part. I believe that as a shareholder invested in my company, I would want to portray us as a responsible organization that will work with the host country to find a common ground rather than be charged with a serious crime. C. FAVOR. Tutu’s principles are something that I would definitely be in favor for. According to the case study, Bishop Tutu’s principles â€Å"outlined several conditions of the investment which would enable Caltex and other U. S. companies to make such a ‘positive contribution to improving economic and social opportunities’,† (para. 4). These principles would be exactly what I would like my company to portray because they contribute to human rights and equal opportunities to all races. Manager’s responses In regards to the resolutions proposed by the stockholders, I believe the manager’s responses should be as follows: A. The manager’s should have also not been in favor of this resolution. In this case, the manage ment needs to consider that the utilitarian benefits do actually outweigh the negatives and oppression the South African government has over its citizens. B. The manager’s responses to this resolution should be weighed very carefully. Even though they may not agree with the practices of the government and may think they are an aid to unwanted practices, they still need to consider there reputation and the consequences that can result from not being cooperative. In my opinion, the manager’s should have responded by communicating the need to work with the government to their stakeholders as well as find some type of resolution with the government. C. The management should embrace the Tutu principles. If the management is really dedicated to the ideals and principles of their institution then they should know that these principles are about the people and their well-being. They should make any adjustments necessary to make sure the principles are upheld. Management responsibilities (i. e. , duties) In my opinion, I believe the management of a company does have the responsibility beyond ensuring a high return for its stockholders. In this case, the responsibility of the management is to make sure that the principles and business ethics that they have developed as an organization is upheld at all costs. Just because the stockholders wanted to see their company disassociate themselves from a country that they did not see as ideal, it is still imperative that the management stick to there own ideals and principles regardless of where they are. On the other hand, I do not believe that the management of a company should look primarily to the law and to the rate of return on its investment as the ultimate criteria for deciding what investments it should make. Companies should always consider the economical and social circumstances in the region to which they decide to invest their company. Conclusion This paper outlined why I believe the utilitarian benefits outweighed the negative circumstances for the building of Caltex in South Africa. I have also provided my own views as to what I would do if I were a stockholder in the company as well as what the manager’s should have done in response to the resolutions. Finally, I gave my point of view as to what the manager’s responsibilities are when dealing with stockholders and investments. Caltex was in a difficult place as they had to deal with their stockholders and the government of South Africa in order to conduct their business, but the most important thing they had was the opportunity to show the oppressed people of South Africa what it was like to be an equal member of an institution.

Definition Essay

Definition Essay Definition Essay-Haole Kayla-Brittney Yim R. Nelson EN 101 September 24, 2013 Hawaiian Slang â€Å"Eh you stupid â€Å"â€Å"haole†Ã¢â‚¬ !† Why do most of the people in Hawai’i use â€Å"haole† as a slang word? The term â€Å"haole† or â€Å"without breath† originates from the Native Hawaiian culture. The Hawaiian’s used the â€Å"ha† or the breathe of life as a greeting to others of the Hawaiian culture. In today’s society most people of the Hawaiian Islands use it as an insult or slang to foreigners. What is the real context behind the word â€Å"haole†? The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines â€Å"haole† as â€Å"one who is not descended from the aboriginal Polynesian inhabitants of Hawaii; especially: white.† This term was first associated with the children of the Caucasian immigrants in the early 1820’s. Queen Liliuokalani, the Queen ruler of the Hawaiian monarchy at that time was illegally overthrown from her reign as a monarch of the islands. This event started the rivalry between the Native Hawaiians and nay foregners that step onto their land. In today’s society the people of Hawaii who believe in the native Hawaiian history, sometimes use it as an insult to white foreigners. A simple â€Å"I hate â€Å"haole’s† or â€Å"Go back to the mainland you stupid â€Å"haole’s!† are insults used when a white person does something to upset a Hawaiian. I strongly believe that the Hawaiians are very protective of the history and culture. As evolution evolves, Hawai’i is slowing becoming more of a mainland-based island. With the amount of pure natives decreasing, the islanders are driven to keep the culture strong. From a friend’s experience, she feels that being insulted by Hawaiian’s makes her feel uncomfortable. While speaking with Haley, she stated, â€Å"I don’t feel like I can fit in with some of the Hawaiian people that I see. Being from Washington, most people tease me because I act differently. Most of the Hawaiians feel that I’m trying to change their ways and their culture. They think that I’m trying to take over their land.† This interview alone shows that most Hawaiians want the islands to themselves. Every foreigner is automatically stereotyped by the Hawaiian. This should not be occurring to people who do not deserve it. Personally, I feel that native Hawaiians should not use â€Å"haole† as an insult to foreigners. Yes, I believe in the Hawaiian culture and I can relate to the overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom but the islands evolved over time. I feel that the people of Hawai’i have to accept the change and adapt to the change that occurs to the islands. After all, the tourists or â€Å"foreigners† that comes to the Hawaiian Islands basically fund Hawai’i. Hawaii is one of the top vacation destination that most dream of visiting. I see it as if they were helping the islands prosper. I do not necessarily agree on the new mainland agencies that are buying out some of the stores and what Hawaii has to offer of the Hawaiian culture. I also do not agree with some of the changes that the government is making which is under rule by a white male. I think that is why

How To Say Both in Spanish

How To Say Both in Spanish There are various ways of expressing the idea of both in Spanish. Translating Both Meaning Too Most of the time, both simply means two and functions as an adjective or pronoun. In such cases, you can translate both as either ambos (ambas in the feminine) or los dos (las dos in the feminine). The two terms are almost interchangeable; ambos is somewhat more formal. Here are some examples: Los dos se abrazaron. (Both hugged each other.)Las dos cartas escritas desde Calabria reflejan la misma bondad. (Both letters written from Calabria reflect the same kindness.)A los dos nos duele la cabeza si tenemos hambre. (Both of us have a headache if were hungry.)Los dos là ­deres de Al Qaeda ms buscados en Irak murieron durante una operacià ³n militar. (Both of the most-wanted leaders of Al-Qaida in Iraq died during a military operation.)Ambos creyeron poder demostrar la existencia de Dios. (Both believed they could demonstrate the existence of God.)Me gustarà ­a mucho leer ambos libros. (I would very much like to read both books.)Ambas dijeron que no volvern nunca ms al Perà º tras esta amarga experiencia. (Both said they would never return to Peru after this bitter experience.)Ambas opciones son buenas, y a veces no prefiero ninguno. (Both options are good, and sometimes I dont prefer either one.) Note that in each of the above examples, ambos or los dos also could have been translated as two or the two. Translating the Emphatic Both There are many cases where both isnt the equivalent of two, usually when it is used for emphasis. Theres no one set way to express the concept; you need to look at the sentence to determine the context and develop a translation in that way. Here are some examples; note that the translations given arent the only ones possible: El aprendizaje es una asociacà ­Ãƒ ³n en el cual tanto el maestro como el estudiante juegan un papel dinmico.  (Learning is a partnership in which both the teacher and the student play a dynamic role.  Here, both adds emphasis, indicating that the teacher, as well as the student, play a role.)Queremos comprar una casa grande y adems barata. (We want to buy a house that is both big and cheap. The use of both suggests that the two qualities normally dont go together and thus adds emphasis. Here, adems, which usually means also, fulfills a similar function.)Pablo y Raà ºl tienen sendos hematomas que estn siendo tratados. (Pablo and Raà ºl both have bruises that are being treated. Both is used here to clarify that each of the victims, not just one of them, is bruised. Sendos is an always-plural adjective often translated as respective or his or her own and is used here to provide a similar meaning. Sendos or sendas can also refer to more than two.)Hubo errores de uno y otro lado e n el conflicto. (There were errors on both sides of the conflict. Both is used to emphasize the existence of a contrast, which uno y otro also does.) No es posible perder peso y comer lo que te gusta al mismo tiempo. (It isnt possible to both lose weight and eat everything you want. Both here suggest that two actions are being done simultaneously. Al mismo tiempo means at the same time.) Translating Common Phrases With Both At least English phrases or idioms with both have Spanish equivalents. Both sides, when referring to opposing sides of an argument or position, can be translated idiomatically with las dos campanas, which means literally both bells. Siempre oigo las dos campanas antes de hacer un juicio. (I always listen to both sides before making a judgment.)Creo que nuestros servidores pà ºblicos no escuchan las dos campanas. (I believe our public servants arent listening to both sides.) The best of both worlds can be translated literally as lo mejor de dos mundos or loosely as lo mejor de cada casa (literally, the best of each house). Este vehà ­culo ofrece lo mejor de dos mundos, la deportividad de un coupà © y la espaciosidad de un SUV. (This vehicle offers the best of both worlds, the sportiness of a coupe and the space of an SUV.)Brasil es in paà ­s multicultural que tiene lo mejor de cada casa. (Brazil is a multicultural country that has the best of both worlds.

Research proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Research Proposal Example Critically ill adults in 8 intensive care units will be enrolled within 24 hrs of intubation in the research with 2 x 2 factorial design. The 2 x 2 factorial design implies that the patients will be divided into two equal groups each comprising of 250 participants. The control group is subjected to tooth brushing technique and the other group antiseptic agent (Chlorhexidine). This number of patients will satisfy the ratio of 30 individuals per variable. Patients excluded from the research are those with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia at the time of intubation (Munro, Grap, Jones, McClish & Sessler, 2009). The development of VAP will be determined through the use of CPIS (Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score). The rationale for setting this location is to obtain reliable information about prevention of VAP in critically ill adults in the ICU environment. The sampling strategy in this research proposal is probability sampling and in specific the technique employed is the criterion. Probability sampling is the most valid strategy to attain statistical generalization (Gerrish & Lathlean, 2015). Criterion sampling is carried out on the basis of one or more standards for selection. For instance, in this case, the focus is on the use of a toothbrush and antiseptic agent (Chlorhexidine) on critically ill patients in the ICU. Moreover, this strategy will assist to choose participants that are capable of giving results of this research on aspects of prevention of VAP in ICU using oral care hygiene that is poorly understood (Boswell & Cannon, 2014). The research design for this proposal is a parallel trial design. In a research using this design, the parallel groups’ investigations are not limited to a specified period, but rather until either of the treatment group exhibits a clear benefit. These experiments last until the time one treatment is more effective than the other (Gallin & Ognibene, 2012). In this case, the design will investigate the

Business case for an IT Solution for solution to a real healthcare Research Paper

Business case for an IT Solution for solution to a real healthcare issue in Population Healt Management - Research Paper Example This has made it hard for the organizations to meet their set goals or targets. Even though the EHR (Electronic Health Records) provides many of the health facilities with clinical data in raw form, there have still been some challenges. The challenges include ensuring that the data is accessible and the same time usable. An additional challenge has been reporting the outcomes of the data that has been accessed and used (Health Catalysts, 2015). According to WPRO, the integration of information systems in the health sector can be defined as, â€Å"the process of combining different components of health information systems so that they function in a more coordinated and unified manner† (Lum, Bennet & Whittaker, 2009). Information technology can be used to integrate and share the data in the health sector. The data integration can occur in different number of levels in the system of health information. These levels include: contents, data management, data quality assurance and analysis, organization support, data dissemination and sharing and donor inputs. The contents include the information or indicators while the data management involves the information technology use with a central repository. Quality of data assurance and analysis include the use of statistical and analytical techniques that are standardized. The organization support entails capacity building and training of the human resource. The sharing and dis semination of data is where there is the use of visual analytics. The donor inputs entail and not limited to, resource sharing. The art of integration of data entails effort being put in place to link data elements that are independent. The different sources of data that have different types of data or media of storage are integrated to develop new information. This is made possible through the use of information technology in the health facilities. Data integration covers all data handling

Limitation of GDP as a Measure of Economic Welfare

Limitation of GDP as a Measure of Economic Welfare Introduction There are various different indicators used by the economists to measure the development of the economy and GDP should be the one most commonly used in practice. It could reflect the quantitative changes of the economic development, but its qualities. The limitation of GDP in this area prevents it from measuring the economic welfare people get. This essay will discuss how GDP is calculated and the limitations of GDP in measuring the economic welfare. There will be also the introduction of the replacements of GDP which are developed to measure the economic welfare. The Concept of Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and Its Calculation GDP is the abbreviation of gross domestic product. It refers to the market value of all the final goods and services produced by one country or region with the production factors in one year or in certain period of time (Gutierrez et al., 2007). It was first developed by the economist Simon Kuznets in the 1930s and has been gradually used by the governments of various countries to measure the total value of the output of the economy after the Second World War. Since then, GDP has been the indicator for the measurement of development level of the economy. It is an important index of the general situation of the macroeconomics, which reflects the developments of the economy. GDP belongs to the field of the measuring of the aggregate economy. There are mainly three methods to calculate the value of GDP, namely, the production approach, the income approach and the expenditure approach. They reflect the results of the national economy from different views. The production approach calculates the economic results by summarizing the total output values of all the sectors of the economy and subtracting the value of all the intermediate goods. The approach only includes the value added in the production process, so it is also called the value added approach (Viet, 2009). The second method is the income approach. It focuses on the income generated in the production process. Various production factors are involved in the production process and they can get the income per their relevant contribution to the economic activities. The summary of all the incomes of the various production factors is the result of the economic activities. For example, labors and capitals are the main factors used in the production. So their incomes, the wages and the interest constitute the main part of the GDP calculated by theincome approach (Viet, 2012). The expenditure approach calculates the GDP from the view of the final usages of the products and services. The results of the final products and services usually include two main parts, the consumption and the investment. And consumption covers the need from the household sectors, the government and the foreign consumers. So in the expenditure approach, GDP includes the household consumption, the investment, the government spending and the net exports. In practice, the expenditure approach is most common method used by the government of countries in the world. (Viet, 2011) The Limitations of GDP The changes of GDP could reflect the trend of the economic development and most of the countries consider the increase of GDP as the targets of the economic growth. Although GDP has been used widely as the indicator to measure the development level of the world economy, there are inherent limitation and weaknesses in this method that prevents its wider use in the economic growth. And it particularly reduces the efficiency of GDP in evaluating the economic welfare. The main limitation of GDP is that it does not reflect all the contents of the economic activities, which weakens the role of GDP as the indicator of the economic welfare. GDP cannot reflect the overall situation of people’s welfare Generally speaking, the economic growth could bring the increase of people’s income, as well as their economic welfare. The per capita GDP is usually used to indicate the average level of people’s income in the countries. And it is also used to classify the counties of their economic development levels. But it cannot reflect the differences of the people’s welfare caused by the differences of income distribution. For example, for the man having no money at all, he could become a billionaire in terms of the per capita GDP when there is only he and Bill Gates in his country. But he is not likely to enjoy the same welfare as Bill. So GDP, or the per capita GDP masks the real situation of the welfare people really get (Bà ©renger and Verdier-Chouchane, 2007). Besides, there are plenty of things in people’s welfare, not just the economic one. The leisure and family pleasure are also very important part of the welfare. People would have little time to spend with families when they are busy in producing the final products and services. The increase of the GDP does not mean the increase of people’s overall welfare. The non-market economic activities Besides, what GDP does not cover is the non-market economic activities. Per the concept of GDP, it reflects the market values of the final products and services. For the products and services that are not exchanged on the market, their values are hard to evaluate. For example, the household works finished by the full-time housewives, like cooking, cleaning, and taking care of the olds and children, are not paid in by the family. So they are not included in the calculation of GDP. But if these works are done by the baby-sitters who hired and paid by the families, they will be covered by GDP, since they have the market values. In the developed countries, there is a high level of the marketization of the housework. The children will be sent to kindergartens, olds to the nursing home. People have more chance to eat outside instead of cooking home. All these works will be calculated in GDP. But in the developing countries, most of the housework is finished by the numbers of the family. An d their efforts are not recognized by the market and the GDP. The same household works will make different contributions to the calculation of GDP in different countries. But for people no matter in the developed countries or the developing ones, these works increase their welfare (Bridgman et al., 2012). In the calculation of GDP, the lack of these non-market economic activities reduces the ability of GDP to give a full reflection of the economic activities. So it could not tell the complete welfare people get from the economic activities. GDP does not reflect the quality of the economic development What people could get from GDP is just the number of the value added in the given time. It only reflects the number changes of the output of the economy or the quantitative growth of the economy. The quality of the output and the economy cannot be answered by this indicator. And the growth of GDP does not equal with the economic growth, since the economic growth also contains the improvement of the economic quality (Costanza et al., 2009). For example, the increase of GDP could not tell how the economy grows. There are usually three driven forces of the economy, the consumption, the investment and the exportation. If the increase of the GDP is caused by the consumption from the household sector, the quality of the economic growth could be considered as a good growth. But if it is mainly driven by the investment, especially the one in the real estate market or the infrastructures, the quality of the economic growth is worth to worry, since this kind of growth cannot sustain for a long time. The investment only increases the number of GDP, but not the welfare people could get. When using GDP as the main indicator to assess the economic growth, there would be some strange things in the development plans and practices of the governments. They would have the motivation to investment huge funds in the building of the infrastructures, like roads, railways and airports, since these projects would generate great increase of GDP. And they don’t have to consider whether these projects are needed or not, which could cause the waste of the social and economic resources. Besides, accidents would be welcomed by the governments, since they also can increase the GDP. When there are accidents, the new vehicles or properties will be needed to replace the ones damaged in the accidents, which means the increase of the final products and services. But people’s welfare does not see any increase in these activities (Costanza et al., 2009). What GDP provides is just the cold numbers about the amount changes of the economy. It cannot reflect the quality of the economic growth. The environment cost and pollution Except for the limitation in calculating the complete contents and quality of the economic growth, GDP also cannot reflect the hidden costs of the economic growth, particularly the environment cost of the economic activities. GDP only covers the costs that could be exchanged and valued in the market. These environment costs, like the environmental disruption and pollution, usually cannot be valued in the market and they are not calculated by GDP (Costanza et al., 2009). When developing the economy, it is needed to consume the natural resources from the environment. But the resources are limited. The excessive usage of the recourses in the current economic activities could bring the negative influence on the future development. And the economic growth is not sustainable in this model. But this cannot be reflected by GDP. Meanwhile, economic growth could cause the environmental disruption and pollution. These are also the costs of the economic growth. However, they are not included in GDP, since Mother Nature does not charge the price in humans’ economic activities. And the stupid humans will not calculate these costs until they pay for it. The Replacements of GDP The limitations of GDP mentioned above have been exposed in practice and there have been some other indicators developed to replace GDP. These replacements of GDP make up the limitation of GDP in evaluating the welfare people get in the economic activities and help people to have a better understanding of the welfare people get from the economy. In this process, there are main two directions for the measurement of the economic welfare. One direction is to measure the total level of the economic welfare. This method is easy to measure and the result could reflect the differences between different countries. The second direction is to get the per capita level of the economic welfare. These two directions could be seen as the same one, since it is easy to get the per capita results when people get the total level of the welfare. The GNI-Lorenz curve Since GDP cannot reflect the differences of the national income distribution, the Lorenz Curve is then developed to indicate the condition of the income distribution. It is developed in a coordinate system with the percentage of income and households as the axis. It reflects how the wealth of one country is distributed among the households. People could find the level of the inequality in the income distribution per the camber of the Lorenz Curve (Helene, 2010). The gross domestic income (GDI) The gross domestic income or GDI is another indicator used to reflect the condition of the economy. It calculates the income generated by the economic activities, which includes the compensation of employees, the gross operating surplus and the gross mixed income. This indicator could be seen as the version of GDP calculated in the income approach (Fixler, Greenaway-McGrevy and Grimm, 2011). Since people’s welfare is largely influenced by the income level, so the changes of GDI could reflect the situation of people’s welfare. The physical quality of life index (PQLI) The physical quality of life index is developed by David Morris in the mid-1970s. This index is consisted of three main indicators, the literacy rate, the infant morality rate and the indexed life expectancy. The average value of these three indicators is the level of the physical quality of life. This index is easy to measure and understand. But it does not reflect the complete contents of the welfare. And the excessive attention to the health indicators reduces its ability to give a full explanation of the welfare level (Bà ©renger and Verdier-Chouchane, 2007). Conclusion The gross domestic product can partly reflect the results of the economic activities. But it cannot reflect the economic welfare, the non-market economic activities, the quality of the economic growth, and the environment cost and pollution. These limitations prevent GDP from measuring the economic welfare people get from the economic activities. So that people have developed the new methods to replace GDP to measure the economic welfare. References Bà ©renger, V. and Verdier-Chouchane, A., 2007. Multidimensional Measures of Well-Being: Standard of Living and Quality of Life across Countries. World Development, 35(7), pp. 1259–276. Bridgman, B., Dugan, A., Lal, M., Osborne, M. and Villones, S., 2012. Accounting for Household Production in the National Accounts, 1965–2010. Survey of Current Business, May, pp.23-36 Costanza, R., Hart, M., Posner, S. and Talberth, J., 2009. Beyond GDP: The Need for New Measures of Progress. The Pardee Papers No. 4. Boston: Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future. Fixler, D.J., Greenaway-McGrevy, R. and Grimm, B.T., 2011, Revisions to GDP, GDI, and Their Major Components. Survey of Current Business, July, pp.9-31. Gutierrez, C.M., Glassman, C.A., Landefeld, J.T. and Marcuss, R.D., 2007. Measuring the Economy: A Primer on GDP and the National Income and Product Accounts. Washington, D.C.:à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. Helene, O., 2010, Fitting Lorenz Curves. Economics Letters, 108, pp.153-55. Viet, V.Q., 2009. GDP by Production Approach: A General Introduction with Emphasis on an Integrated Economic Data Collection Framework. New York: United Nations Statistics Division. Viet, V.Q., 2011. GDP by Final Expenditure Approach an Operational Guide for Using Commodity Flow Approach. New York: United Nations Statistics Division. Viet, V.Q., 2012. Income Approach to GDP and Other Issues Relating to the Compilation of Household Income and Consumption Expenditures. International Workshop on Household Income, Consumption and Full Accounting of the Households Sector, 26-28 March, Beijing. China.

Implications of Economics and Policy for Health Professionals

Getzen, T. states, health is irreplaceable, and any change in health can strongly affect the value of many other goods. Health is more precious and time more limited than money. Managed Care is a system of health care that combines delivery and payment; and influences utilization of services, by employing management techniques designed to promote the delivery of cost-effective health care. Insurers/managed-care organizations controls health care in the United States today because nowhere are the changes in the U. S. health services system more evident and more constant than in area of managed care. The shift from fee-for-service to manage care was the need to reduce costs for care and was embraced by various payers as the solution to the unchecked rise in health services expenditures (Barton 2007). The current health care system in the United States is failing. Health Care costs are increasing at a pace which far exceeds inflation. Managed care organizations were established as a cost effective alternative to traditional fee for service. A constant and constantly changing factor that influences the delivery system is the strength of this economy (Barton 2007). When jobs are at stake in a weak economy and the housing market is also at its lowest, insurance premiums steadily increasing, individuals aren’t focused on maintaining health coverage they are more concern with maintaining their homes and trying to pay the mortgage. Health Care Administrators will be challenged with a number of different types of health decisions and choices can be distinguished from a wide range: individual decisions, health policy decisions, health action decisions, regulatory decisions regarding the health system, micro-level health decisions and decisions made outside of the health sector. PubMed suggests, with regard to health-related matters, decision-making is characterized by the level of uncertainty, the complexity of the health system and its structure, the role of urgency and the obligation to act; however, there is a significant emotional factor in these decisions and the supremacy of the individual in the decision-making process. On the policy side, health-related decision-making poses questions concerning the role of expertise and necessitates the development of public debate. As for the matter of health financing, namely through social security and insurance, it calls for a re-examination of the economic analysis of health decisions and policy and the development of a more coherent position on the right to health versus the right to universal coverage. Healthcare is changing in terms of how and where care is delivered, who is providing those services, and how that care is financed. Healthcare Administrators require trained staff to manage the changes taking place. Healthcare Administrators have an opportunity to make a significant contribution to improving the health of the communities their organizations serve. Health Care Administrators plays a key role in keeping cost at a minimum and oversee the delivery of quality care. It is a must that Administrators make effective decisions, they need to be open to different opinions and good at analyzing contradictory information. They must understand and incorporate the best business practices. Also their focus is integrating medicine through the highest quality, the most access, for the best economical method. (Linden 2010)

Soggy Sweats Famous Whiskey Speech

One of the craftiest orations in the history of American politics was the Whiskey Speech, delivered in April 1952 by a young Mississippi legislator named Noah S. Soggy Sweat, Jr. The House had been debating whether to finally pop the cork on Prohibition when Sweat (later a circuit court judge and a college professor) decided to demonstrate his prowess for talking out of both sides of his mouth. The occasion was a banquet at the old King Edward Hotel in Jackson. My friends, I had not intended to discuss this controversial subject at this particular time. However, I want you to know that I do not shun controversy. On the contrary, I will take a stand on any issue at any time, regardless of how fraught with controversy it might be. You have asked me how I feel about whiskey. All right, here is how I feel about whiskey.If when you say whiskey you mean the devils brew, the poison scourge, the bloody monster, that defiles innocence, dethrones reason, destroys the home, creates misery and poverty, yea, literally takes the bread from the mouths of little children; if you mean the evil drink that topples the Christian man and woman from the pinnacle of righteous, gracious living into the bottomless pit of degradation and despair and shame and helplessness and hopelessness, then certainly I am against it.But if when you say whiskey you mean the oil of conversation, the philosophic wine, the ale that is consumed when good fellows get together, that pu ts a song in their hearts and laughter on their lips, and the warm glow of contentment in their eyes; if you mean Christmas cheer; if you mean the stimulating drink that puts the spring in the old gentlemans step on a frosty, crispy morning; if you mean the drink which enables a man to magnify his joy, and his happiness, and to forget, if only for a little while, lifes great tragedies, and heartaches, and sorrows; if you mean that drink, the sale of which pours into our treasuries untold millions of dollars, which are used to provide tender care for our little crippled children, our blind, our deaf, our dumb, our pitiful aged and infirm, to build highways and hospitals and schools, then certainly I am for it.This is my stand. I will not retreat from it. I will not compromise. Though were tempted to call Sweats speech a lampoon, that words etymology (from the French lampons, let us drink) may betray a certain bias. In any event, the speech stands as a parody of political doublespeak and an artful exercise in employing audience-flattering connotations. The classical figure underlying the speech is distinctio: making explicit references to various meanings of a word. (Bill Clinton used the same device when he told a Grand Jury, It depends on what the meaning of the word is is.) But whereas the customary aim of distinctio is to remove ambiguities, Sweats intention was to exploit them. His initial characterization of whiskey, addressed to the teetotalers in the crowd, employs a series of dysphemisms--disagreeable and offensive impressions of the demon drink. In the next paragraph he shifts his appeal to the wets in his audience through a far more agreeable list of euphemisms. Thus he takes a firm stand--on both sides of the issue. In these days of duplicity in the land of spin, we lift our hearts and our glasses to the memory of Judge Soggy Sweat. Sources Orley Hood, On June 3, Soggys Speech Will Come to Life, The Clarion-Ledger (May 25, 2003)M. Hughes, â€Å"Judge Sweat and ‘The Original Whiskey Speech,’ The Jurist (Vol. I, No. 2, Spring 1986)If by Whiskey, The Clarion Ledger (February 24, 1996)